Prototype

!bash "${CLAUDE_SKILL_DIR}/../../hooks/yaml-helper.sh" resolve_config --keys review_mode,automation,workflow

Resolved above — use as-is; --review overrides review_mode for this run. No block → defaults in .claude/docs/config-resolution.md.

Purpose

This is the concept prototype — a fast, throwaway build that answers one question: "Is this core idea actually fun to interact with?"

Default use — run right after /brainstorm and /setup-engine, before writing GDDs or architecture docs. Its verdict determines whether the concept is worth the investment of full design documentation.

Mid-production? You can also run this at any stage to test a specific mechanic, design change, or technical question. Pass --spike to activate spike mode: a lightweight ~4-hour build with no GDD prerequisites and no phase gate implications.

Already have GDDs and architecture complete? To validate the full game loop before committing to Production, run /vertical-slice instead.

Phase 1: Define the Question

Every AskUserQuestion call follows .claude/docs/automation-modes.md (collaborative asks always · guided major-only · autonomous logs and proceeds; automation_always_ask categories always prompt).

Check for spike mode: If --spike was passed, skip to the Spike Mode section at the bottom of this skill.

Check for a carry-forward note: Glob prototypes/*/PIVOT-NOTE.md. If one exists for this concept (or an earlier version of it), read it and start from its revised hypothesis instead of forming one from scratch — say which note you used.

Then, unless --spike sent you to Spike Mode, use AskUserQuestion to confirm intent before proceeding — with or without a carry-forward note:

• Prompt: "How would you like to use this prototype session?"
• Options:
  • Prototype this concept — build a throwaway build to validate the core idea is fun before writing GDDs (1–3 days)
  • Skip — concept already proven — I have enough evidence this works; log it and proceed directly to design
  • Mid-production spike — I'm already in Production and want to test a specific mechanic or technical question quickly (~4 hours, no phase gate implications)

If "Skip — concept already proven": Ask (plain text, not a widget): "What evidence do you have that the concept works?" Record the one-line answer, then stop. Note: "Concept prototype skipped — evidence: [answer]." Suggest next step: /map-systems or /design-system [mechanic].

If "Mid-production spike": skip to the Spike Mode section below.

If "Prototype this concept": continue with Phase 1 below.

A note on prototype strategy: The research on successful indie development is consistent — building 2-3 concept variants and letting the best one win is far more likely to succeed than iterating one concept until it works. This is your first prototype, not necessarily your only one. If this prototype produces a PIVOT verdict, consider whether to refine this concept OR start fresh with a different angle on the same game idea and prototype that instead.

Game jam as a prototype vehicle: If you're planning a concept prototype anyway, consider timing it to a game jam (Ludum Dare, GMTK Game Jam, Global Game Jam). Jams provide a forced timebox (48-72 hours), instant distribution to thousands of players who rate and review early builds, and a deadline that prevents scope creep by design. Many shipped games (Celeste, VVVVVV) began as jam prototypes. Not required — but worth considering if the timing is right.

Read the concept description from the argument. Before building anything, define the falsifiable hypothesis this prototype must answer:

"If the player [does X], they will feel [Y] — we will know this is true if [measurable signal Z]."

Good: "If the player swings on grapple hooks, traversal will feel fluid — we'll know if players chain 3+ swings without stopping within 2 minutes of picking it up."

Bad: "Does this feel fun?" ← not testable, not falsifiable.

If the concept is too vague to form a hypothesis, stop here. Ask the user to narrow the question before proceeding. A prototype without a clear question wastes time.

Also ask: "What is the riskiest assumption in this concept?" That is the first thing the prototype should test — not the easiest part, the riskiest.

Phase 2: Load Concept Context

Read design/gdd/game-concept.md — or design/game-brief.md, the one-page brief that replaces it at rigor: minimal — if either exists. Extract:

• Core fantasy (what the player is supposed to feel)
• Core loop (the moment-to-moment action being tested)

Determine the engine and language in use: read engine.name and engine.language from project.yaml. For each field, if its key is absent or empty (including when project.yaml has no engine: block), fall back to CLAUDE.md and .claude/docs/technical-preferences.md. Treat a [TO BE CONFIGURED] value as not set.

Phase 3: Choose the Prototype Path

Select the prototype path. If --path [html|engine|paper] was passed, use that. Otherwise, use this quick-reference first, then read the full path details below:

Rule of thumb: "Does this feel right?" → Engine. "Are these rules interesting?" → Paper. "Is this logic correct?" → HTML or Paper.

Path: HTML (browser-playable)

Best for: Puzzle games, card games, turn-based strategy, word games, idle games, top-down logic games. Anything where timing precision doesn't matter.

Reliability: ~85–90% one-shot. The agent writes a single self-contained HTML file the user opens in a browser — no install required.

Limitation — browser latency lies about game feel. Browsers introduce 50–133ms of rendering variance. This makes HTML prototypes fundamentally unreliable for action games, platformers, fighting games, or anything where input timing, jump arcs, or collision feel are what you're testing. If feel is the hypothesis, use the Engine path instead.

Alternative tools for this path: PICO-8 (extreme constraints, great for retro arcade concepts, web-export in one command), Phaser.js (more capable browser game framework, still no install needed), or Twine (narrative/choice-based games). These are faster than raw HTML for their respective genres — suggest them if appropriate.

Output: A single prototype.html (or PICO-8/Phaser equivalent) the user opens in any browser.

Distribution — the HTML path's biggest advantage: Unlike Engine prototypes, this build can reach real players globally in minutes. Use this actively:

• itch.io — upload the file, share the link, get play counts and written feedback within hours. Free. The indie community plays rough builds here without expecting polish. This is genuine external validation at zero cost.
• Loom + file share — share via Google Drive/Dropbox, ask someone to record their screen + audio with Loom while playing. You get a video of real first-impression reactions and confusion without synchronous scheduling.
• r/playmygame or r/WebGames (Reddit) — active communities that specifically test early builds and give unsolicited honest feedback.
• Game dev Discord servers (GMTK, Brackeys, GameDev.tv) — members test each other's prototypes routinely; an HTML file is the easiest possible ask.

Path: Engine (engine project)

Best for: Action games, platformers, physics-heavy games, anything where moment-to-moment feel IS the hypothesis. Use this when HTML latency would lie about the result.

Reliability: ~50–60% one-shot. Expect 2–4 rounds of iteration — this is normal, not a failure.

Limitation — requires engine installed and running. This path is a multi-turn collaborative loop:

1. Agent writes the code
2. User runs it in the engine
3. User reports errors or observations
4. Agent fixes and iterates

Sunk cost rule: If the user has been iterating for more than 2 hours without reaching a playable state, stop. The scope is too large or the question is wrong. Reframe the hypothesis and simplify aggressively, or switch to Paper path.

Output: A minimal runnable engine project in prototypes/[name]-concept/.

Lighter alternative — Love2D (Lua): If the project engine (Godot, Unity, Unreal) feels too heavy to stand up for a throwaway build, consider Love2D — a minimal 2D framework that installs in minutes, requires no project scaffolding, and renders natively with no browser latency. Used by many indie devs for rapid 2D action and platformer prototypes (Balatro prototyped in Love2D; Nuclear Throne's early builds used it). It sits between HTML overhead and full engine overhead: heavier than opening a browser, lighter than setting up a full engine project. Best for 2D action/platformer feel validation when the project engine is 3D-first or takes significant time to configure.

Path: Paper (rules document + play log)

Best for: Strategy games, card games, board game-style mechanics, economy systems, progression loops, any game where the logic can be simulated by hand. Works for any genre when you need to validate rules, not feel.

Reliability: 100%. No code, no engine, no install.

Limitation — cannot validate moment-to-moment feel. Paper prototypes prove that the rules are internally consistent and the decisions are interesting. They cannot tell you whether jumping feels right or whether explosions feel satisfying.

Paper playtest observation protocol (run this with 5+ people):

1. Brief the rules once. Hand them the rule summary sheet. Then step back.
2. Do NOT explain further. Do NOT help. Do NOT clarify. Confusion is data.
3. Watch silently. Note every moment they slow down, re-read, or ask a question.
4. After the session, ask one question only: "What was confusing?" — not "Did you like it?"
5. Use fresh testers for each iteration. The same person cannot give new first-impression data.
6. If 3+ testers hit the same confusion point, that rule is broken — redesign it before re-testing.

Output: A printable rules document + a completed play log showing one simulated session.

Narrative tools for this path: For dialogue-heavy and story-driven games, skip the generic rules doc — use a dedicated narrative scripting tool instead:

• Twine — zero-code hypertext fiction; ideal for branching structure experiments and choice-impact testing
• Ink (Inkle) — plain-text scripting language used in 80 Days, Heaven's Vault, and Overboard; exports directly to Unity and Godot
• Yarn Spinner — dialogue scripting used in A Short Hike, DREDGE, and Night in the Woods; integrates natively with Unity and Godot

All three let you write and playtest branching dialogue in minutes. Key metric for narrative prototypes: time to first emotional beat — how many exchanges before the player feels something? If it takes more than 3-4 exchanges, the opening is too slow.

Assess which path best fits the hypothesis, then use AskUserQuestion with your recommendation pre-stated:

• Prompt: "Which prototype path would you like to use? (Based on your concept, I'd recommend [path] — [one sentence reason].)"
• Options:
  • HTML — browser prototype — puzzle, card, turn-based, strategy, idle. Opens by double-clicking, no install. 85–90% reliable. Not suitable for action games — browser latency lies about feel.
  • Engine — native prototype — action, platformer, physics, or anything where feel IS the hypothesis. 50–60% one-shot; 2–4 iteration rounds are normal. Requires engine installed.
  • Paper — rules document + play log — strategy, economy, logic, board-game-style mechanics. 100% reliable. Cannot validate feel.

Phase 4: Plan the Prototype

Define in 3–5 bullet points the minimum viable prototype:

• What is the falsifiable hypothesis?
• What is the riskiest assumption — and how does this prototype test it first?
• What is the absolute minimum needed to answer the question?
• What is explicitly cut? (menus, save systems, error handling, polish, architecture — all of it)

Scope constraint: A concept prototype tests ONE mechanic — not the whole game. If scope covers more than one mechanic, cut it down. When in doubt, cut more.

Present this plan to the user before building. Get confirmation before proceeding. Name the checkpoint file in that confirmation: "May I record this plan in production/session-state/active.md?"

Once confirmed, write a session checkpoint to production/session-state/active.md (create production/session-state/ if it does not exist). Include: concept name, hypothesis, path chosen, scope bullet points, and current phase ("Phase 5 — Implement"). This lets the next session resume without starting over if the session ends mid-build — especially important for multi-day Engine path work.

Phase 5: Implement

Ask: "May I create the prototype directory at prototypes/[concept-name]-concept/ and begin implementation?"

If yes, create the directory. Every file must begin with:

[comment] PROTOTYPE - NOT FOR PRODUCTION
[comment] Question: [Core question being tested]
[comment] Date: [Current date]

Write [comment] in each file's own comment syntax — # in GDScript (.gd) and Python, // in C#, C++ and JavaScript, -- in Lua, <!-- … --> in HTML and Markdown. A header in another language's syntax is a parse error, not a label. Files that cannot hold a comment (JSON, engine-generated scene and project files) are exempt.

Standards are intentionally relaxed:

• Hardcode values freely
• Use placeholder assets (colored rectangles, debug shapes)
• Skip error handling entirely
• Use the simplest approach that works
• Copy code rather than importing from production
• No architecture, no patterns, no abstractions

Do not add polish. No menus, no game over screens, no music, no tutorial text unless the tutorial IS the mechanic being tested. Every addition beyond the hypothesis is waste.

Playtesting tip: If you have access to anyone who hasn't seen the game — friends, family, strangers online — watching them play without explanation gives far better signal than testing it yourself. Watch silently; don't guide them. Confusion is data. Ask one question after: "What was confusing?" Not "Did you like it?"

No external testers available? Use rotation: if you built system A, you're a naive tester for system B. In a two-person team this works well. Solo developer? Step away for 2-3 days before playing fresh — you won't have perfect first-impression signal, but you'll surface the worst blockers. Another option: play your own prototype as a speedrun (force yourself through it in 5 minutes without stopping to fix things) — the friction you feel is what strangers will hit.

Want more granular UX data? Ask the tester to think aloud as they play — narrate their thoughts in real time: "I'm pressing space... nothing happened... is that the jump key?" This surfaces confusion the moment it happens rather than waiting for a post-play debrief. Best for UI/UX and onboarding clarity. Silent observation is still better for testing raw feel; think-aloud changes how people play slightly but gives much richer data about why they're confused.

HTML prototype? itch.io, Reddit (r/playmygame), and Discord (GMTK, Brackeys) let you reach strangers today at zero cost — see the distribution options in the HTML path section above.

Testing AI, NPC, or complex system behavior before writing the code? Use the Wizard of Oz technique: one person plays normally while a second person secretly controls the NPC, enemy, or system behavior in real time — making the decisions a human would make, not an algorithm. The player believes it's automated. This lets you validate whether your AI design feels right before writing a single line of pathfinding or decision tree code. When you observe what responses the human controller naturally produces, you learn exactly what the AI needs to do.

Engine path: multi-turn loop

After writing the initial code:

"The prototype files are written. Run the project in your engine now. If there are errors, paste them here and I'll fix them. If it runs, describe what you see and whether it feels like it's answering the question."

Iterate until the prototype is playable. Each loop:

1. User runs → reports errors or observations
2. Agent fixes errors or adjusts the mechanic
3. Repeat until playable or sunk cost rule triggers

HTML path: single output

Write a single prototype.html to prototypes/[concept-name]-concept/. Include all styles, logic, and assets inline. The file must be openable by double-clicking with no server required.

Paper path: document + log

Write prototypes/[concept-name]-concept/rules.md (the game rules) and prototypes/[concept-name]-concept/play-log.md (a simulated session walking through one complete play cycle step by step with dice rolls, decisions, and outcomes narrated).