Research Writing
alfonso0512/research-writing-skill
科研论文写作助手,提供 30 个 Prompt 模板覆盖论文写作全流程. An agent skill from alfonso0512/research-writing-skill.
數學證明撰寫技能 — 從主張提取到 LaTeX 排版的完整證明工作流。當使用者需要撰寫或驗證數學定理、引理、命題的形式證明,或需要推導公式、整理理論分析時,一定要使用此技能。觸發詞包括:數學證明、prove、theorem、lemma、proposition、推導、理論分析、寫 proof、LaTeX 數學、formal…
$ npx skills add voidful/academic-skills --skill proof-writer -a claude-codeProject install by default; add -g for ~/.claude/skills/.
$ gh skill install voidful/academic-skills proof-writer --agent claude-codeProject scope by default; add --scope user for a personal install. Needs GitHub CLI 2.90.0 or later (public preview).
$ git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/voidful/academic-skills.git skills-src && mkdir -p .claude/skills && cp -r skills-src/proof-writer .claude/skills/proof-writer && rm -rf skills-srcUse ~/.claude/skills/ instead of .claude/skills for a personal install. The folder must contain SKILL.md.
Claude Code skills documentation · loads skills from .claude/skills/
Install the "proof-writer" agent skill from https://github.com/voidful/academic-skills/tree/main/proof-writer into .claude/skills/proof-writer/ in this project. Copy the whole folder (SKILL.md and every file beside it), keep the folder name "proof-writer", then confirm the skill loads.Claude Code copies the folder itself, the same result as the manual copy. Check what it changed before you commit it.
$skill-installer install https://github.com/voidful/academic-skills/tree/main/proof-writerType this inside Codex. $skill-installer <name> installs a curated skill from openai/skills. The installer writes to $CODEX_HOME/skills (default ~/.codex/skills). Restart Codex if the skill does not show up.
$ npx skills add voidful/academic-skills --skill proof-writer -a codexProject install goes to .agents/skills/; add -g for ~/.codex/skills/.
$ gh skill install voidful/academic-skills proof-writer --agent codexProject scope by default (.agents/skills/); add --scope user for a personal install.
$ git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/voidful/academic-skills.git skills-src && mkdir -p .agents/skills && cp -r skills-src/proof-writer .agents/skills/proof-writer && rm -rf skills-srcUse ~/.agents/skills/ instead of .agents/skills for a personal install.
Codex skills documentation · loads skills from .agents/skills/
Install the "proof-writer" agent skill from https://github.com/voidful/academic-skills/tree/main/proof-writer into .agents/skills/proof-writer/ in this project. Copy the whole folder (SKILL.md and every file beside it), keep the folder name "proof-writer", then confirm the skill loads.Codex copies the folder itself, the same result as the manual copy. Check what it changed before you commit it.
$ npx skills add voidful/academic-skills --skill proof-writer -a cursorProject install goes to .agents/skills/; add -g for ~/.cursor/skills/.
$ gh skill install voidful/academic-skills proof-writer --agent cursorProject scope by default (.agents/skills/); add --scope user for a personal install.
$ git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/voidful/academic-skills.git skills-src && mkdir -p .cursor/skills && cp -r skills-src/proof-writer .cursor/skills/proof-writer && rm -rf skills-srcUse ~/.cursor/skills/ instead of .cursor/skills for a personal install.
Cursor skills documentation · loads skills from .cursor/skills/, .agents/skills/, .claude/skills/, .codex/skills/
Install the "proof-writer" agent skill from https://github.com/voidful/academic-skills/tree/main/proof-writer into .cursor/skills/proof-writer/ in this project. Copy the whole folder (SKILL.md and every file beside it), keep the folder name "proof-writer", then confirm the skill loads.Cursor copies the folder itself, the same result as the manual copy. Check what it changed before you commit it.
$ gemini skills install https://github.com/voidful/academic-skills.git --path proof-writer--scope user (default) or --scope workspace; --path is the subfolder of the repo that holds the skill; --consent skips the security confirmation prompt.
$ npx skills add voidful/academic-skills --skill proof-writer -a gemini-cliProject install goes to .agents/skills/; add -g for ~/.gemini/skills/.
$ gh skill install voidful/academic-skills proof-writer --agent gemini-cliProject scope by default (.agents/skills/); add --scope user for a personal install.
$ git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/voidful/academic-skills.git skills-src && mkdir -p .gemini/skills && cp -r skills-src/proof-writer .gemini/skills/proof-writer && rm -rf skills-srcUse ~/.gemini/skills/ instead of .gemini/skills for a personal install, then run /skills reload.
Gemini CLI skills documentation · loads skills from .gemini/skills/, .agents/skills/
Install the "proof-writer" agent skill from https://github.com/voidful/academic-skills/tree/main/proof-writer into .gemini/skills/proof-writer/ in this project. Copy the whole folder (SKILL.md and every file beside it), keep the folder name "proof-writer", then confirm the skill loads.Gemini CLI copies the folder itself, the same result as the manual copy. Check what it changed before you commit it.
$ gh skill install voidful/academic-skills proof-writerInstalls for Copilot at project scope by default; add --scope user for a personal install. Preview a skill first with gh skill preview. Needs GitHub CLI 2.90.0 or later (public preview).
$ npx skills add voidful/academic-skills --skill proof-writer -a github-copilotProject install goes to .agents/skills/; add -g for ~/.copilot/skills/.
$ git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/voidful/academic-skills.git skills-src && mkdir -p .github/skills && cp -r skills-src/proof-writer .github/skills/proof-writer && rm -rf skills-srcUse ~/.copilot/skills/ instead of .github/skills for a personal install. Commit .github/skills so cloud agent and code review can use it.
GitHub Copilot skills documentation · loads skills from .github/skills/, .claude/skills/, .agents/skills/
Install the "proof-writer" agent skill from https://github.com/voidful/academic-skills/tree/main/proof-writer into .github/skills/proof-writer/ in this project. Copy the whole folder (SKILL.md and every file beside it), keep the folder name "proof-writer", then confirm the skill loads.GitHub Copilot copies the folder itself, the same result as the manual copy. Check what it changed before you commit it.
$ npx skills add voidful/academic-skills --skill proof-writer -a opencodeOpenCode documents no install command of its own. Project install goes to .agents/skills/; add -g for ~/.config/opencode/skills/.
$ gh skill install voidful/academic-skills proof-writer --agent opencodeProject scope by default (.agents/skills/); add --scope user for a personal install.
$ git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/voidful/academic-skills.git skills-src && mkdir -p .opencode/skills && cp -r skills-src/proof-writer .opencode/skills/proof-writer && rm -rf skills-srcUse ~/.config/opencode/skills/ instead of .opencode/skills for a personal install.
OpenCode skills documentation · loads skills from .opencode/skills/, .claude/skills/, .agents/skills/
Install the "proof-writer" agent skill from https://github.com/voidful/academic-skills/tree/main/proof-writer into .opencode/skills/proof-writer/ in this project. Copy the whole folder (SKILL.md and every file beside it), keep the folder name "proof-writer", then confirm the skill loads.OpenCode copies the folder itself, the same result as the manual copy. Check what it changed before you commit it.
proof-writer數學證明撰寫技能 — 從主張提取到 LaTeX 排版的完整證明工作流。當使用者需要撰寫或驗證數學定理、引理、命題的形式證明,或需要推導公式、整理理論分析時,一定要使用此技能。觸發詞包括:數學證明、prove、theorem、lemma、proposition、推導、理論分析、寫 proof、LaTeX 數學、formal…
Proof Writer is an agent skill from voidful/academic-skills. 數學證明撰寫技能 — 從主張提取到 LaTeX 排版的完整證明工作流。當使用者需要撰寫或驗證數學定理、引理、命題的形式證明,或需要推導公式、整理理論分析時,一定要使用此技能。觸發詞包括:數學證明、prove、theorem、lemma、proposition、推導、理論分析、寫 proof、LaTeX 數學、formal proof。適用於機器學習理論、統計學習理論、最佳化等需要嚴謹數學推導的場景。
Its SKILL.md is about 1.7k tokens, which your agent loads only when the skill is triggered. The skill folder holds 5 other files, including reference files (for example `references/latex-math-patterns.md`, `references/notation-conventions.md` and `references/proof-strategies.md`). Compatibility notes: Works with Claude Code, ChatGPT/Codex CLI, and Gemini CLI.
It sits in Documents & Office, covering LaTeX. It works with LaTeX. The repository describes itself as: A complete academic research Skill suite. Supports Claude Code, ChatGPT / Codex CLI, and Gemini CLI. The licence is MIT.
8 steps, taken from the step headings in SKILL.md.
Read from SKILL.md and the folder at commit 71e9c42. It shows what the files ask for, not the result of running them.
Pre-approves nothing: there is no allowed-tools line, so your agent's usual permission prompts apply.
From allowed-tools in the SKILL.md frontmatter.
No scripts in the folder and no shell commands in SKILL.md (its code samples are latex).
From the folder's file list and the shell code blocks in SKILL.md.
No URLs in SKILL.md.
From URLs in SKILL.md, links to its own repository left out.
Names no API keys, tokens, secrets or passwords.
From names ending in _API_KEY, _TOKEN, _SECRET, _KEY or _PASSWORD in SKILL.md.
Works with Claude Code, ChatGPT/Codex CLI, and Gemini CLI.
From compatibility in the SKILL.md frontmatter.
Proof Writer loads about 1.7k tokens when it runs, and up to ~16k if it reads all its reference files. Until then it costs about 54 tokens; SKILL.md has 331 words of instructions outside code blocks.
Estimates: characters ÷ 4, the usual rule of thumb; real counts depend on the model's tokenizer. Scripts and assets cost tokens only if the agent reads them.
The automated check found no risky patterns in SKILL.md.
Automated static check — not a guarantee. Review scripts before installing. It scans the text of SKILL.md for risky patterns (piping downloads into a shell, reading credential files, hidden Unicode, destructive commands); files beside SKILL.md are not scanned.
The full file from voidful/academic-skills at commit 71e9c42, republished under its MIT licence (© voidful). 331 words, ~1,729 tokens.
.claude/skills/proof-writer/SKILL.md (or your agent's skills folder). This skill also uses 4 other files; get the full folder from GitHub.本技能專注於學術論文中的數學證明撰寫。涵蓋從主張提取、策略選擇到完整 LaTeX 排版的端對端工作流程。所有解釋使用繁體中文,數學表達式與 LaTeX 代碼使用英文。
證明撰寫分為五個階段,依序執行:
主張提取 → 文獻掃描 → 策略選擇 → 逐步推導 → LaTeX 排版每個階段有明確的輸入、輸出與品質檢查點。以下逐一說明。
從論文草稿或用戶輸入中,精確提取需要證明的數學主張。主張必須是形式化的命題, 具備明確的前提條件與結論。
主張類型:[Theorem | Lemma | Corollary | Proposition | Claim]
前提條件:
- 條件 1
- 條件 2
- ...
結論:[形式化的數學陳述]
相關符號:[符號清單及定義]查找與主張相關的已知定理、引理和結果,為證明建立基礎。這一步決定了我們可以 「站在哪些巨人的肩膀上」。
相關定理:
1. [定理名稱] — [簡述] — 相關度:[高|中|低]
2. ...
可直接引用:[定理列表]
需要修改後使用:[定理列表及修改方向]
證明缺口:[需要自行推導的部分]根據主張的結構和可用的已知結果,選擇最合適的證明策略。策略的選擇直接影響 證明的清晰度和長度。
本技能支援以下八種證明策略,每種策略的詳細說明見 證明策略參考。
從前提條件出發,通過一系列邏輯推導直接到達結論。適用於結構清晰、推導路徑 明確的主張。
適用場景:等式證明、不等式推導、集合包含關係。
假設結論不成立,推導出矛盾。適用於直接證明困難或結論為否定形式的主張。
適用場景:存在性的否定、唯一性證明、不可能性結果。
對自然數或可良序化的結構進行歸納。包括弱歸納、強歸納和結構歸納。
適用場景:遞迴結構、序列性質、離散數學中的命題。
明確構造出滿足條件的對象,從而證明存在性。比純存在性證明提供更多資訊。
適用場景:存在性命題、算法正確性、具體界的建立。
將要證明的問題歸約為已知的問題。常用於計算複雜度和決策問題。
適用場景:NP-hardness 證明、下界證明、等價性證明。
通過證明隨機選擇滿足條件的機率大於零,從而證明滿足條件的對象存在。
適用場景:組合數學、圖論、隨機化算法分析。
利用凸函數或凸集的性質進行推導。在最佳化和機器學習理論中尤其常見。
適用場景:最佳化問題、Jensen's inequality 的應用、凸鬆弛。
使用熵、互資訊、KL 散度等資訊論工具進行推導。
適用場景:通訊理論、學習理論下界、隱私分析。
主張結構分析
├─ 等式或不等式?
│ ├─ 是 → 考慮直接證明、凸性論證
│ └─ 否 → 繼續
├─ 存在性命題?
│ ├─ 是 → 考慮構造性證明、機率法
│ └─ 否 → 繼續
├─ 涉及遞迴或序列?
│ ├─ 是 → 考慮數學歸納法
│ └─ 否 → 繼續
├─ 可歸約為已知問題?
│ ├─ 是 → 考慮歸約法
│ └─ 否 → 繼續
├─ 涉及資訊量度?
│ ├─ 是 → 考慮資訊論方法
│ └─ 否 → 繼續
└─ 直接證明困難?
├─ 是 → 考慮反證法
└─ 否 → 使用直接證明許多複雜的證明需要組合多種策略。常見的組合包括:
選擇策略:[主要策略名稱]
輔助策略:[如有]
選擇理由:[為什麼這個策略最適合]
預期證明結構:[大綱]
預期難度:[低|中|高]根據選定的策略,撰寫完整、嚴謹的證明過程。每一步都必須有明確的邏輯依據。
每一步推導應包含:
在步驟之間使用適當的過渡語句,引導讀者理解證明的邏輯流程:
將證明轉換為可直接插入論文的 LaTeX 代碼。排版應符合學術論文的標準格式。
詳細的 LaTeX 排版模式見 LaTeX 數學排版參考。
\begin{theorem}[Theorem Name]
\label{thm:theorem-label}
Statement of the theorem.
\end{theorem}
\begin{proof}
Proof content here. \qed
\end{proof}\label。\ref 或 \eqref 進行交叉引用。equation 或 align 環境。$...$。\[...\] 或有編號的環境。align 環境。cases 環境。最終輸出應包含:
amsthm, amsmath 等)\newcommand 定義輸入:證明對所有 $x > 0$,有 $e^x \geq 1 + x$。
第一階段輸出:
主張類型:Proposition
前提條件:
- x > 0, x ∈ ℝ
結論:e^x ≥ 1 + x
相關符號:e 為自然對數的底第三階段輸出:
選擇策略:直接證明
選擇理由:可通過分析 f(x) = e^x - 1 - x 的性質直接推導
預期證明結構:
1. 定義 f(x) = e^x - 1 - x
2. 計算 f'(x) = e^x - 1
3. 分析 f 的單調性
4. 利用 f(0) = 0 得出結論
預期難度:低第五階段輸出:
\begin{proposition}
\label{prop:exp-lower-bound}
For all $x > 0$, we have $e^x \geq 1 + x$.
\end{proposition}
\begin{proof}
Define $f(x) = e^x - 1 - x$. We have $f(0) = 0$ and
$f'(x) = e^x - 1 > 0$ for all $x > 0$. Therefore, $f$ is
strictly increasing on $(0, \infty)$, which implies
$f(x) > f(0) = 0$ for all $x > 0$. That is, $e^x > 1 + x$.
\qed
\end{proof}輸入:證明 PAC learning 框架下,有限假設類的樣本複雜度上界。
第一階段輸出:
主張類型:Theorem
前提條件:
- H 為有限假設類,|H| < ∞
- 樣本 S 由分布 D 上的 m 個 i.i.d. 樣本組成
- ε > 0, δ > 0
結論:若 m ≥ (1/ε)(ln|H| + ln(1/δ)),則以機率至少 1-δ,
對所有 h ∈ H 有 |R(h) - R̂(h)| ≤ ε
相關符號:R(h) 為真實風險,R̂(h) 為經驗風險第三階段輸出:
選擇策略:直接證明 + 機率法
輔助策略:歸約到 Hoeffding's inequality
選擇理由:經典的 union bound + concentration inequality 組合
預期證明結構:
1. 對單一假設 h 應用 Hoeffding's inequality
2. 對所有假設取 union bound
3. 解出 m 的下界
預期難度:中用戶提供主張,系統執行完整的五階段流程,輸出可直接使用的 LaTeX 代碼。
用戶提供有問題的證明,系統診斷問題所在並修復。常見問題包括:
將非形式化的直覺論證轉換為嚴謹的數學證明。
用戶描述要證明的目標,系統建議可能的證明策略和思路,但不撰寫完整證明。
© voidful, MIT. Rendered from Markdown: HTML in the file is shown as text, images as links, and headings moved down two levels. Raw file
SKILL.md and 4 other files (references) in proof-writer of voidful/academic-skills.
Open the folder on GitHubat commit 71e9c42
Proof Writer next to the 5 skills that share the most tags, products or categories with it. Stars are the repository's; “used in” counts other GitHub owners with a copy.
| Skill | Stars | Used in | Tokens | Auto-check | Licence | Repo updated |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Proof Writer this skillvoidful/academic-skills | 132 | — | ~1.7k | Automated safety check: Pass | MIT | |
| Research Writingalfonso0512/research-writing-skill | 486 | 1 repos | ~818 | Automated safety check: Pass | MIT | |
| Paper WritingMLNLP-World/Paper-Writing-Tips | 4.7k | — | ~630 | Automated safety check: Pass | None | |
| Evomath TaoEvoScientist/EvoSkills | 474 | 2 repos | ~3.8k | Automated safety check: Pass | Apache-2.0 | |
| PaperjurySpark-To-Paper-Skills/paperjury | 1.2k | — | ~5.3k | Automated safety check: Pass | MIT | |
| Thesis Defense PPTX Builderzouchenzhen/thesis-defense-pptx-skill | 266 | — | ~2.4k | Automated safety check: Pass | Apache-2.0 |
alfonso0512/research-writing-skill
科研论文写作助手,提供 30 个 Prompt 模板覆盖论文写作全流程. An agent skill from alfonso0512/research-writing-skill.
MLNLP-World/Paper-Writing-Tips
学术论文写作检查与优化助手。基于 MLNLP-World 社区整理的论文写作技巧,帮助检查和优化学术论文。Use when: (1) 检查论文 LaTeX 格式和排版, (2) 优化公式符号使用, (3) 改进图表设计, (4) 润色英文学术表达, (5) 检查参考文献格式, (6) 投稿前终稿检查, (7) 用户询问论文写作技巧或规范。
EvoScientist/EvoSkills
A skill your agent uses whenever the user submits a non-trivial mathematical claim that needs a rigorous proof or audit.
Spark-To-Paper-Skills/paperjury
Three modes for CS-conference papers (CVPR/ICCV/ECCV vision, ACL/EMNLP/NAACL NLP, ICLR/NeurIPS/ICML/AAAI ML).
zouchenzhen/thesis-defense-pptx-skill
Builds an editable thesis defense PowerPoint from a thesis PDF or LaTeX project while preserving a supplied university or lab template, then runs a visual quality check.
handsomeZR-netizen/mathmodel-skill
CUMCM 国赛、MCM/ICM 美赛与电工杯数学建模竞赛的端到端协作工作流。Use when a user explicitly works on one of these modeling contests or asks to run/review a modeling-competition paper from problem selection through modeling…
voidful/academic-skills
Complete academic research skill suite covering the full pipeline: paper reading (read/explain papers with storytelling), idea generation (brainstorm research directions), experiment design (plan…
voidful/academic-skills
學術研究實驗設計技能——從研究假設到可重現實驗計畫的完整流程。當使用者需要規劃實驗、設計 ablation study、選擇 baseline、確定評估指標,或問「我應該跑哪些實驗」時,一定要使用此技能。觸發詞包括:實驗設計、experiment design、ablation、baseline、跑什麼實驗、evaluation metric、如何驗證方法。適用於機器學習、NLP、CV…
voidful/academic-skills
學術研究的 Idea 產生技能——從發散到收斂,系統化地產出高品質研究構想。當使用者想腦力激盪研究方向、找新 research idea、或問「我接下來可以做什麼研究」時,一定要使用此技能。觸發詞包括:brainstorm、想 idea、研究方向、下一步做什麼、有什麼可以研究的、找 gap、research proposal。適用於任何階段的學術研究構想生成。
voidful/academic-skills
太奶讀論文 — 一位百歲阿嬤用繁體中文、生活比喻和動漫梗,帶你讀懂學術論文。當使用者提供論文 PDF、arXiv 連結、或貼上論文文字,並想理解論文內容時,一定要使用此技能。觸發詞包括:讀論文、解釋論文、看不懂、幫我理解這篇、這篇在說什麼、paper reading、explain this paper。適用於任何學術論文的直觀導讀。
voidful/academic-skills
學術論文審稿技能 — 以結構化四步驟流程完成深度論文審查,涵蓋批判性審查、分數預測、要點精煉與正式審稿產出。當使用者需要 review 一篇論文、模擬 reviewer 反應、評估論文能否被接收、或幫助判斷論文優缺點時,一定要使用此技能。觸發詞包括:review 這篇、幫我審稿、reviewer 會怎麼說、這篇能上嗎、paper review、給分數、找…
voidful/academic-skills
頂級會議論文寫作技能——以嚴格 reviewer 視角指導從草稿到終稿的完整寫作流程。當使用者要寫論文、改善論文草稿、修改特定章節(introduction、method、experiments、conclusion)、潤色學術英文、回應 reviewer 意見,或問「這段怎麼寫」時,一定要使用此技能。觸發詞包括:寫論文、paper writing、improve my…
Works with
Categories
數學證明撰寫技能 — 從主張提取到 LaTeX 排版的完整證明工作流。當使用者需要撰寫或驗證數學定理、引理、命題的形式證明,或需要推導公式、整理理論分析時,一定要使用此技能。觸發詞包括:數學證明、prove、theorem、lemma、proposition、推導、理論分析、寫 proof、LaTeX 數學、formal…. Proof Writer is an agent skill from voidful/academic-skills.
Proof Writer fits situations like: tasks that involve LaTeX.
Run `npx skills add voidful/academic-skills --skill proof-writer -a claude-code`. Or copy the skill folder (proof-writer in voidful/academic-skills) into .claude/skills/proof-writer in your project. Claude Code loads it when a task matches its description.
Run `npx skills add voidful/academic-skills --skill proof-writer -a codex`. Or copy the skill folder (proof-writer in voidful/academic-skills) into .agents/skills/proof-writer in your project. Codex loads it when a task matches its description.
Cursor, Gemini CLI, GitHub Copilot and OpenCode also load SKILL.md folders. With the skills CLI, run `npx skills add voidful/academic-skills --skill proof-writer -a cursor` (or -a gemini-cli, github-copilot or opencode for the others). To copy it by hand, put the folder in .cursor/skills/proof-writer, .gemini/skills/proof-writer, .github/skills/proof-writer and .opencode/skills/proof-writer in your project.
SKILL.md names no scripts, command-line tools or credentials: Proof Writer is instructions for the agent only. Compatibility (from SKILL.md): Works with Claude Code, ChatGPT/Codex CLI, and Gemini CLI..
SKILL.md contains no URLs. Any network use would come from the scripts or tools the agent runs. This is read from the text; nothing was executed.
Our automated static check of SKILL.md found no risky patterns, such as piping downloads into a shell, reading credential files or hidden Unicode. It is not a guarantee. Review the folder before installing.
Proof Writer is published under the MIT licence (declared in SKILL.md). It allows redistribution, so the full SKILL.md is shown on this page.
About 1.7k tokens (SKILL.md is roughly 6.9k characters). Agents keep only the skill's name and description in context until a task matches; then they load SKILL.md in full. Its references folder adds about 14k tokens, read only when the agent opens those files.
Skills that share tags, products or a category with Proof Writer: Research Writing (alfonso0512/research-writing-skill, 486 stars), Paper Writing (MLNLP-World/Paper-Writing-Tips, 4.7k stars), Evomath Tao (EvoScientist/EvoSkills, 474 stars) and Paperjury (Spark-To-Paper-Skills/paperjury, 1.2k stars). The comparison table on this page puts their stars, adoption, token cost, safety result and licence side by side.
voidful (a GitHub user) maintains it in voidful/academic-skills, which has 132 GitHub stars. The repository holds 8 skills in this directory. The repository was last updated on April 4, 2026.
Source: voidful/academic-skills on GitHub. Facts on this page come from the repository at the commit we read; the author's words are quoted as theirs.