Hypothesis Testing

def test_addition():
    assert add(2, 3) == 5
    assert add(0, 0) == 0
    assert add(-1, 1) == 0

from hypothesis import given
import hypothesis.strategies as st

@given(st.integers(), st.integers())
def test_addition_commutative(a, b):
    """Addition is commutative for ALL integers."""
    assert add(a, b) == add(b, a)

# Install hypothesis with pytest integration
uv add --dev hypothesis pytest

# Optional plugins
uv add --dev hypothesis[numpy]      # NumPy strategies
uv add --dev hypothesis[pandas]     # Pandas strategies
uv add --dev hypothesis[django]     # Django model strategies

[tool.pytest.ini_options]
# Hypothesis settings
addopts = [
    "--hypothesis-show-statistics",  # Show test statistics
    "--hypothesis-seed=0",            # Reproducible tests (optional)
]

[tool.hypothesis]
# Maximum number of examples to generate
max_examples = 200  # Default: 100, CI: 200+

# Deadline for each test case (milliseconds)
deadline = 1000  # Default: 200ms, None to disable

# Verbosity level (quiet, normal, verbose, debug)
verbosity = "normal"

# Fail fast on first error
derandomize = false  # Set to true for deterministic tests

# Database for example storage
database = ".hypothesis/examples"  # Store found failures

# Profile-specific settings
[tool.hypothesis.profiles.dev]
max_examples = 50
deadline = 1000
verbosity = "normal"

[tool.hypothesis.profiles.ci]
max_examples = 500
deadline = 5000
verbosity = "verbose"

[tool.hypothesis.profiles.debug]
max_examples = 10
deadline = null
verbosity = "debug"

# tests/conftest.py
from hypothesis import settings, Verbosity

# Set default profile based on environment
import os
if os.getenv("CI"):
    settings.load_profile("ci")
else:
    settings.load_profile("dev")

# Or configure programmatically
settings.register_profile("custom", max_examples=100, deadline=500)
settings.load_profile("custom")

from hypothesis import given, example
import hypothesis.strategies as st

# Test numeric properties
@given(st.integers())
def test_absolute_value_non_negative(x):
    """abs(x) is always non-negative."""
    assert abs(x) >= 0

@given(st.integers(), st.integers())
def test_addition_associative(a, b, c):
    """Addition is associative: (a + b) + c == a + (b + c)."""
    assert (a + b) + c == a + (b + c)

# Test string properties
@given(st.text())
def test_string_length(s):
    """Length of reversed string equals original."""
    assert len(s[::-1]) == len(s)

@given(st.text(), st.text())
def test_string_concatenation(s1, s2):
    """String concatenation length is sum of lengths."""
    result = s1 + s2
    assert len(result) == len(s1) + len(s2)

# Add explicit examples alongside generated ones
@given(st.integers())
@example(0)
@example(-1)
@example(2**31 - 1)
def test_with_explicit_examples(x):
    """Test with both generated and explicit examples."""
    assert process(x) is not None

from hypothesis import given, assume
import hypothesis.strategies as st

def safe_divide(a: float, b: float) -> float:
    """Divide a by b, avoiding division by zero."""
    if b == 0:
        raise ValueError("Division by zero")
    return a / b

@given(st.floats(allow_nan=False, allow_infinity=False),
       st.floats(allow_nan=False, allow_infinity=False))
def test_safe_divide(a, b):
    """Test safe_divide with all valid floats."""
    assume(b != 0)  # Skip cases where b is zero

    result = safe_divide(a, b)

    # Properties to verify
    assert isinstance(result, float)
    assert result * b == pytest.approx(a)  # Inverse operation

@given(st.floats())
def test_divide_by_zero_raises(a):
    """Division by zero raises ValueError."""
    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Division by zero"):
        safe_divide(a, 0)

import hypothesis.strategies as st

# Primitives
st.none()                    # None
st.booleans()                # True/False
st.integers()                # Any integer
st.integers(min_value=0, max_value=100)  # Bounded integers
st.floats()                  # Any float
st.floats(min_value=0.0, max_value=1.0)  # Bounded floats
st.decimals()                # Decimal numbers
st.fractions()               # Fraction objects
st.complex_numbers()         # Complex numbers

# Text and bytes
st.text()                    # Unicode strings
st.text(alphabet="abc")      # Limited alphabet
st.text(min_size=1, max_size=10)  # Bounded length
st.binary()                  # Bytes
st.characters()              # Single characters

# Collections
st.lists(st.integers())      # Lists of integers
st.lists(st.text(), min_size=1, max_size=10)  # Bounded lists
st.tuples(st.integers(), st.text())  # Fixed-size tuples
st.sets(st.integers())       # Sets
st.frozensets(st.text())     # Frozen sets
st.dictionaries(keys=st.text(), values=st.integers())  # Dicts

# Special types
st.uuids()                   # UUID objects
st.datetimes()               # datetime objects
st.dates()                   # date objects
st.times()                   # time objects
st.timedeltas()              # timedelta objects

# Constrained types
st.emails()                  # Valid email addresses
st.ip_addresses()            # IP addresses (v4 and v6)
st.urls()                    # Valid URLs

from hypothesis import given
from hypothesis.strategies import composite
import hypothesis.strategies as st

# Define custom strategy
@composite
def users(draw):
    """Generate user objects."""
    return {
        "id": draw(st.integers(min_value=1)),
        "name": draw(st.text(min_size=1, max_size=50)),
        "email": draw(st.emails()),
        "age": draw(st.integers(min_value=0, max_value=120)),
        "active": draw(st.booleans())
    }

@given(users())
def test_user_validation(user):
    """Test user validation with generated users."""
    assert user["id"] > 0
    assert len(user["name"]) > 0
    assert "@" in user["email"]
    assert 0 <= user["age"] <= 120

# Complex composite strategy
@composite
def http_requests(draw):
    """Generate HTTP request objects."""
    method = draw(st.sampled_from(["GET", "POST", "PUT", "DELETE"]))
    path = draw(st.text(alphabet="abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz/", min_size=1))
    headers = draw(st.dictionaries(
        keys=st.text(alphabet="abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-", min_size=1),
        values=st.text()
    ))

    body = None
    if method in ["POST", "PUT"]:
        body = draw(st.one_of(st.none(), st.text(), st.binary()))

    return {
        "method": method,
        "path": f"/{path}",
        "headers": headers,
        "body": body
    }

@given(http_requests())
def test_request_handler(request):
    """Test HTTP request handler with various requests."""
    response = handle_request(request)
    assert response.status_code in [200, 201, 400, 404, 500]

from dataclasses import dataclass
from hypothesis import given
from hypothesis.strategies import builds
import hypothesis.strategies as st

@dataclass
class Point:
    x: float
    y: float

# Generate Point instances
@given(builds(Point, x=st.floats(), y=st.floats()))
def test_point_distance(point):
    """Test distance calculation for points."""
    origin = Point(0.0, 0.0)
    distance = calculate_distance(origin, point)
    assert distance >= 0

# More complex model
@dataclass
class User:
    id: int
    name: str
    email: str
    age: int

# Strategy with validation
def valid_users():
    return builds(
        User,
        id=st.integers(min_value=1),
        name=st.text(min_size=1, max_size=100),
        email=st.emails(),
        age=st.integers(min_value=0, max_value=120)
    )

@given(valid_users())
def test_user_serialization(user):
    """Test user serialization round-trip."""
    json_data = user.to_json()
    restored = User.from_json(json_data)
    assert restored == user

import hypothesis.strategies as st

# one_of: Choose from multiple strategies
st.one_of(st.none(), st.integers(), st.text())

# sampled_from: Sample from a list
st.sampled_from(["admin", "user", "guest"])

# just: Always return a specific value
st.just(42)

# lists with constraints
st.lists(
    st.integers(min_value=0),
    min_size=1,
    max_size=10,
    unique=True  # No duplicates
)

# dictionaries with constraints
st.dictionaries(
    keys=st.text(min_size=1),
    values=st.integers(),
    min_size=1,
    max_size=5
)

# tuples with mixed types
st.tuples(st.integers(), st.text(), st.booleans())

# fixed_dictionaries: Dictionary with specific keys
st.fixed_dictionaries({
    "id": st.integers(min_value=1),
    "name": st.text(),
    "optional": st.one_of(st.none(), st.text())
})

# recursive: Generate recursive structures
json_strategy = st.recursive(
    st.one_of(st.none(), st.booleans(), st.floats(), st.text()),
    lambda children: st.lists(children) | st.dictionaries(st.text(), children),
    max_leaves=10
)

from hypothesis.stateful import RuleBasedStateMachine, rule, invariant
import hypothesis.strategies as st

class ShoppingCartMachine(RuleBasedStateMachine):
    """Test shopping cart with stateful operations."""

    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.cart = ShoppingCart()
        self.items_added = []

    @rule(item=st.text(min_size=1), quantity=st.integers(min_value=1, max_value=10))
    def add_item(self, item, quantity):
        """Add item to cart."""
        self.cart.add(item, quantity)
        self.items_added.append((item, quantity))

    @rule(item=st.text())
    def remove_item(self, item):
        """Remove item from cart."""
        try:
            self.cart.remove(item)
            self.items_added = [(i, q) for i, q in self.items_added if i != item]
        except ValueError:
            # Item not in cart, expected
            pass

    @rule()
    def clear_cart(self):
        """Clear entire cart."""
        self.cart.clear()
        self.items_added = []

    @invariant()
    def cart_is_consistent(self):
        """Cart item count matches what we've added."""
        expected_items = {item: qty for item, qty in self.items_added}
        actual_items = self.cart.get_items()
        assert expected_items == actual_items

    @invariant()
    def total_is_non_negative(self):
        """Cart total is always non-negative."""
        assert self.cart.get_total() >= 0

# Run the state machine
TestShoppingCart = ShoppingCartMachine.TestCase

from hypothesis import given, settings, example
import hypothesis.strategies as st

@given(st.lists(st.integers()))
def test_list_processing(items):
    """Test list processing - Hypothesis will shrink failing examples."""
    result = process_list(items)
    assert result is not None

# When a test fails, Hypothesis:
# 1. Finds the failing input
# 2. Shrinks it to the simplest failing case
# 3. Stores it in .hypothesis/examples database
# 4. Replays it on future runs

# Example: If test fails on [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
# Hypothesis shrinks to smallest failing case: [1, 2]

# Disable shrinking for debugging
@given(st.lists(st.integers()))
@settings(max_examples=100, phases=["generate"])  # Skip shrink phase
def test_without_shrinking(items):
    """Test without shrinking for faster debugging."""
    assert process_list(items) is not None

from hypothesis import given, target
import hypothesis.strategies as st

@given(st.lists(st.integers()))
def test_sort_with_targeting(items):
    """Guide Hypothesis toward larger lists."""
    # Target larger lists to test scalability
    target(float(len(items)))

    sorted_items = sorted(items)
    assert all(sorted_items[i] <= sorted_items[i+1]
               for i in range(len(sorted_items) - 1))

@given(st.floats(min_value=0.0, max_value=1.0))
def test_with_edge_targeting(probability):
    """Guide Hypothesis toward edge values (0.0 and 1.0)."""
    # Target values close to edges
    target(abs(probability - 0.5))  # Prefer extreme values

    result = simulate_with_probability(probability)
    assert 0 <= result <= 1

import pytest
from hypothesis import given
import hypothesis.strategies as st

# Async property test
@pytest.mark.asyncio
@given(st.integers())
async def test_async_function(value):
    """Test async function with property-based testing."""
    result = await async_process(value)
    assert result is not None

# Async with composite strategies
@pytest.mark.asyncio
@given(st.lists(st.integers(), min_size=1))
async def test_async_batch_processing(items):
    """Test async batch processing."""
    results = await process_batch(items)
    assert len(results) == len(items)
    assert all(r is not None for r in results)