A skill your agent uses when designing or writing the heterogeneity section of an 《经济研究》 (Economic Research Journal) manuscript — choosing which dimensions to cut, justifying each cut theoretically…

MITAuto-check passed

Install Er Heterogeneity

skills CLI
$ npx skills add brycewang-stanford/Awesome-Journal-Skills --skill er-heterogeneity -a claude-code

Project install by default; add -g for ~/.claude/skills/.

GitHub CLI
$ gh skill install brycewang-stanford/Awesome-Journal-Skills er-heterogeneity --agent claude-code

Project scope by default; add --scope user for a personal install. Needs GitHub CLI 2.90.0 or later (public preview).

Manual copy
$ git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/brycewang-stanford/Awesome-Journal-Skills.git skills-src && mkdir -p .claude/skills && cp -r skills-src/Economic-Research-Journal-Skills/skills/er-heterogeneity .claude/skills/er-heterogeneity && rm -rf skills-src

Use ~/.claude/skills/ instead of .claude/skills for a personal install. The folder must contain SKILL.md.

Claude Code skills documentation · loads skills from .claude/skills/

Facts

Skill name
er-heterogeneity
GitHub stars
1.2k
Token cost
~661 tokens
SKILL.md length
132 words
Files
1
Skills in repo
2,387
Repo updated
First seen
Licence
MIT

At a glance

A skill your agent uses when designing or writing the heterogeneity section of an 《经济研究》 (Economic Research Journal) manuscript — choosing which dimensions to cut, justifying each cut theoretically…

  • Works in 5 steps: 制度环境 / 市场化程度 —— 王小鲁《中国分省份市场化指数》、各地法治指数 → 企业产权 / 公司治理 —— 国企 / 民企 / 外资、董事会独立性 → 行业属性 —— 高新 / 传统、上下游、是否管制 → …
  • Writing the heterogeneity section of an 《经济研究》 (Economic Research Journal) manuscript — choosing which dimensions to cut
  • SKILL.md covers 触发时机, 切分维度优先级, 维度选择三原则 and 异质性写作模板, plus 7 more sections
  • Instructions only: no scripts, shell commands, URLs or credentials in SKILL.md

What it does

Er Heterogeneity is an agent skill from brycewang-stanford/Awesome-Journal-Skills. Use when designing or writing the heterogeneity section of an 《经济研究》 (Economic Research Journal) manuscript — choosing which dimensions to cut, justifying each cut theoretically, presenting subsample results with coefficient-difference tests, and wiring at least one dimension back to the mechanism story so heterogeneity doubles as mechanism evidence. 使用时机:主结果已稳健但只切了"东中西"一类单一维度、审稿人要求补做异质性、或切分维度缺乏理论指引时。

Its SKILL.md is about 660 tokens, which your agent loads only when the skill is triggered. It is a single SKILL.md file with no bundled scripts.

The repository describes itself as: Journal-specific Claude Code/Codex skill packs covering mainstream journals — AER, QJE, Nature, Cell, 管理世界, 经济研究 & 200+ more — your fast track to getting published. | 覆盖主流期刊的… The licence is MIT.

When your agent uses it

  • Writing the heterogeneity section of an 《经济研究》 (Economic Research Journal) manuscript — choosing which dimensions to cut
  • Justifying each cut theoretically
  • Presenting subsample results with coefficient-difference tests
  • Wiring at least one dimension back to the mechanism story so heterogeneity doubles as mechanism evidence

Example prompts

  • “/er-heterogeneity”

Workflow steps

5 steps, taken from the first numbered list in SKILL.md.

  1. 制度环境 / 市场化程度 —— 王小鲁《中国分省份市场化指数》、各地法治指数
  2. 企业产权 / 公司治理 —— 国企 / 民企 / 外资、董事会独立性
  3. 行业属性 —— 高新 / 传统、上下游、是否管制
  4. 时间窗 —— 政策初期 vs. 后期 / 经济周期
  5. 个体特征(如适用)—— 年龄、教育、技能水平

What it can do on your machine

Read from SKILL.md and the folder at commit 932eb23. It shows what the files ask for, not the result of running them.

  • Tool permissions

    Pre-approves nothing: there is no allowed-tools line, so your agent's usual permission prompts apply.

    From allowed-tools in the SKILL.md frontmatter.

  • Runs code

    No scripts in the folder and no shell commands in SKILL.md.

    From the folder's file list and the shell code blocks in SKILL.md.

  • Network

    No URLs in SKILL.md.

    From URLs in SKILL.md, links to its own repository left out.

  • Credentials

    Names no API keys, tokens, secrets or passwords.

    From names ending in _API_KEY, _TOKEN, _SECRET, _KEY or _PASSWORD in SKILL.md.

Context cost

Er Heterogeneity loads about 661 tokens when it runs. Until then it costs about 105 tokens; SKILL.md has 132 words of instructions outside code blocks.

Always · name and description, kept in context so the agent knows when to use it
~105
When it runs · the whole SKILL.md, loaded when a task matches
~661

Estimates: characters ÷ 4, the usual rule of thumb; real counts depend on the model's tokenizer. Scripts and assets cost tokens only if the agent reads them.

Safety

Auto-check passed

The automated check found no risky patterns in SKILL.md.

Automated static check — not a guarantee. Review scripts before installing. It scans the text of SKILL.md for risky patterns (piping downloads into a shell, reading credential files, hidden Unicode, destructive commands); files beside SKILL.md are not scanned.

SKILL.md

The full file from brycewang-stanford/Awesome-Journal-Skills at commit 932eb23, republished under its MIT licence (© brycewang-stanford). 132 words, ~661 tokens.

Download SKILL.mdSave it as .claude/skills/er-heterogeneity/SKILL.md (or your agent's skills folder).
name
er-heterogeneity
description
Use when designing or writing the heterogeneity section of an 《经济研究》 (Economic Research Journal) manuscript — choosing which dimensions to cut, justifying each cut theoretically, presenting subsample results with coefficient-difference tests, and wiring at least one dimension back to the mechanism story so heterogeneity doubles as mechanism evidence. 使用时机:主结果已稳健但只切了"东中西"一类单一维度、审稿人要求补做异质性、或切分维度缺乏理论指引时。

异质性分析(er-heterogeneity)

触发时机

  • 主结果已稳健,但只切了一个维度("东中西"或"国企 / 非国企")
  • 审稿人要求补做异质性
  • 切了多个维度但没有理论指引

切分维度优先级

按《经济研究》读者期待度排序:

  1. 制度环境 / 市场化程度 —— 王小鲁《中国分省份市场化指数》、各地法治指数
  2. 企业产权 / 公司治理 —— 国企 / 民企 / 外资、董事会独立性
  3. 行业属性 —— 高新 / 传统、上下游、是否管制
  4. 时间窗 —— 政策初期 vs. 后期 / 经济周期
  5. 个体特征(如适用)—— 年龄、教育、技能水平

至少切 3 个维度,每个维度至少 2 个子样本对比。

维度选择三原则

  1. 有理论指引:切分维度必须能解释"为什么这一维度上效应不同"
  2. 样本量足够:每个子样本 N ≥ 100 是底线
  3. 系数差异显著性检验:必须报告 Chow 检验或交互项

异质性写作模板

本文进一步检验[维度]异质性。

理论上,[原因]……
实证上,本文将样本按[维度]分为[组 1] 和 [组 2],分别估计主回归(结果见表 X 第 (1)(2) 列)。
结果显示,[组 1] 的处理效应为 X,而 [组 2] 为 Y,系数差异在 [显著水平] 上显著。
这一发现与本文的[机制]一致。

该刊的呈现惯例:分样本表 vs. 交互项

两种呈现方式在《经济研究》正文中都常见,选择标准:

  • 分样本回归(并列同一张表):适合切分变量是离散制度属性(产权、行业管制、地区市场化分组)时。惯例是一张表放一个维度,(1)(2) 列为两个子样本,表下注明分组标准与分组变量出处(如市场化指数取样本期中位数分组),并单独一行报告组间系数差异的经验 p 值(费舍尔组合检验 / 自体抽样法),而不是让读者自己目测两列星号。
  • 交互项回归:适合切分变量连续(融资约束指数、数字化程度)时,避免人为二分损失信息。交互项系数即"异质性本身",正文解读应写成"X 的效应随 Z 每提高一个标准差而增强 β 个单位",而非只说"交互项显著"。

两点该刊特有的口味:

  1. 异质性小节标题写经济含义,不写变量名——用"融资约束的调节作用"而非"按 SA 指数分组";小节首句先给理论预期,再给结果。
  2. 不显著的维度也要交代:若某个理论上应有差异的维度没切出差异,正文用一两句话诚实报告并解释(度量噪声 / 渠道被政策抵消),比悄悄删掉更能赢得审稿人信任。
微型对照(改写前 / 改写后)

❌ 改写前:"分组回归显示,国企组系数为 0.021,民企组系数为 0.058,说明存在产权异质性。"

✅ 改写后:"民企组的处理效应(0.058)约为国企组(0.021)的 2.8 倍,组间差异的经验 p 值为 0.03。这与假说 2 的预期一致:民营企业面临更紧的外部融资约束,政策带来的现金流改善对其边际价值更高,产权维度的差异因而构成融资约束机制的侧面证据。"

改写后同时完成了三件事:报差异检验、给理论解释、回扣机制。

与机制分析的关系

异质性 ≈ 机制的反向验证:

  • 机制告诉我们"为什么有效应"
  • 异质性告诉我们"在什么条件下效应更强 / 更弱"

理想的实证文章应该:机制(M 强 → 效应强) 与 异质性(M 强样本 → 效应强) 互相印证。

必查清单

  • 至少 3 个异质性维度
  • 每个维度有理论指引
  • 系数差异显著性检验报告
  • 各子样本量足够
  • 异质性结论与机制一致(或合理解释不一致)

反模式

  • 把控制变量挂上交互项就叫"异质性"
  • 切分后某一组 N=30 还在解释
  • 切了 8 个维度凑数,但每个都不显著
  • 异质性结论与机制冲突但不解释

异质性作为机制的侧证(重要)

按江艇(2022)的思路,理论驱动的异质性是比中介分解更可信的机制证据:若机制是 M,则在"M 渠道更畅通 / 更受约束"的子样本中,主效应应更强 / 更弱。设计异质性时,刻意让至少一个维度对应某条机制,使机制与异质性相互印证(详见 er-mechanism)。

配套与范例

输出格式

【异质性维度】X 个
【系数差异检验】是 / 否
【与机制一致性】是 / 否(哪一维度对应哪条机制)
【最小子样本量】X
【下一步】er-tables-figures

© brycewang-stanford, MIT. Rendered from Markdown: HTML in the file is shown as text, images as links, and headings moved down two levels. Raw file

Files

Just SKILL.md in Economic-Research-Journal-Skills/skills/er-heterogeneity of brycewang-stanford/Awesome-Journal-Skills.

Open the folder on GitHubat commit 932eb23

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Questions about Er Heterogeneity

What does Er Heterogeneity do?

A skill your agent uses when designing or writing the heterogeneity section of an 《经济研究》 (Economic Research Journal) manuscript — choosing which dimensions to cut, justifying each cut theoretically…. Er Heterogeneity is an agent skill from brycewang-stanford/Awesome-Journal-Skills. Use when designing or writing the heterogeneity section of an 《经济研究》 (Economic Research Journal) manuscript — choosing which dimensions to cut, justifying each cut theoretically, presenting subsample results with coefficient-difference tests, and wiring at least one dimension back to the mechanism story so heterogeneity doubles as mechanism evidence.

When should I use Er Heterogeneity?

Er Heterogeneity fits situations like: writing the heterogeneity section of an 《经济研究》 (Economic Research Journal) manuscript — choosing which dimensions to cut; justifying each cut theoretically; presenting subsample results with coefficient-difference tests; wiring at least one dimension back to the mechanism story so heterogeneity doubles as mechanism evidence.

How do I install Er Heterogeneity in Claude Code?

Run `npx skills add brycewang-stanford/Awesome-Journal-Skills --skill er-heterogeneity -a claude-code`. Or copy the skill folder (Economic-Research-Journal-Skills/skills/er-heterogeneity in brycewang-stanford/Awesome-Journal-Skills) into .claude/skills/er-heterogeneity in your project. Claude Code loads it when a task matches its description.

How do I install Er Heterogeneity in Codex?

Run `npx skills add brycewang-stanford/Awesome-Journal-Skills --skill er-heterogeneity -a codex`. Or copy the skill folder (Economic-Research-Journal-Skills/skills/er-heterogeneity in brycewang-stanford/Awesome-Journal-Skills) into .agents/skills/er-heterogeneity in your project. Codex loads it when a task matches its description.

Can I use Er Heterogeneity in Cursor, Gemini CLI or GitHub Copilot?

Cursor, Gemini CLI, GitHub Copilot and OpenCode also load SKILL.md folders. With the skills CLI, run `npx skills add brycewang-stanford/Awesome-Journal-Skills --skill er-heterogeneity -a cursor` (or -a gemini-cli, github-copilot or opencode for the others). To copy it by hand, put the folder in .cursor/skills/er-heterogeneity, .gemini/skills/er-heterogeneity, .github/skills/er-heterogeneity and .opencode/skills/er-heterogeneity in your project.

What does Er Heterogeneity need to run?

SKILL.md names no scripts, command-line tools or credentials: Er Heterogeneity is instructions for the agent only.

Does Er Heterogeneity access the network?

SKILL.md contains no URLs. Any network use would come from the scripts or tools the agent runs. This is read from the text; nothing was executed.

Is Er Heterogeneity safe to install?

Our automated static check of SKILL.md found no risky patterns, such as piping downloads into a shell, reading credential files or hidden Unicode. It is not a guarantee. Review the folder before installing.

What licence does Er Heterogeneity use?

Er Heterogeneity is published under the MIT licence (the repository's licence). It allows redistribution, so the full SKILL.md is shown on this page.

How many tokens does Er Heterogeneity use?

About 661 tokens (SKILL.md is roughly 2.6k characters). Agents keep only the skill's name and description in context until a task matches; then they load SKILL.md in full.

What are the alternatives to Er Heterogeneity?

Skills that share tags, products or a category with Er Heterogeneity: Design System (affaan-m/ECC, 276k stars), Design Guide (paperclipai/paperclip, 100k stars), Design Audit Against Rams' Principles (thedotmack/claude-mem, 99k stars) and Figma Design to Code (warpdotdev/warp, 65k stars). The comparison table on this page puts their stars, adoption, token cost, safety result and licence side by side.

Who maintains Er Heterogeneity?

brycewang-stanford (a GitHub user) maintains it in brycewang-stanford/Awesome-Journal-Skills, which has 1,231 GitHub stars. The repository holds 2,387 skills in this directory. The repository was last updated on September 27, 2026.

Source: brycewang-stanford/Awesome-Journal-Skills on GitHub. Facts on this page come from the repository at the commit we read; the author's words are quoted as theirs.