SQL Optimization Patterns
ynulihao/AgentSkillOS
Master SQL query optimization, indexing strategies, and EXPLAIN analysis to dramatically improve database performance and eliminate slow queries.
Database normalization/denormalization pattern library. An agent skill from revfactory/harness-100.
Install Normalization Patterns
$ npx skills add revfactory/harness-100 --skill normalization-patterns -a claude-codeProject install by default; add -g for ~/.claude/skills/.
$ gh skill install revfactory/harness-100 normalization-patterns --agent claude-codeProject scope by default; add --scope user for a personal install. Needs GitHub CLI 2.90.0 or later (public preview).
$ git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/revfactory/harness-100.git skills-src && mkdir -p .claude/skills && cp -r skills-src/en/19-database-architect/.claude/skills/normalization-patterns .claude/skills/normalization-patterns && rm -rf skills-srcUse ~/.claude/skills/ instead of .claude/skills for a personal install. The folder must contain SKILL.md.
Claude Code skills documentation · loads skills from .claude/skills/
Install the "normalization-patterns" agent skill from https://github.com/revfactory/harness-100/tree/main/en/19-database-architect/.claude/skills/normalization-patterns into .claude/skills/normalization-patterns/ in this project. Copy the whole folder (SKILL.md and every file beside it), keep the folder name "normalization-patterns", then confirm the skill loads.Claude Code copies the folder itself, the same result as the manual copy. Check what it changed before you commit it.
$skill-installer install https://github.com/revfactory/harness-100/tree/main/en/19-database-architect/.claude/skills/normalization-patternsType this inside Codex. $skill-installer <name> installs a curated skill from openai/skills. The installer writes to $CODEX_HOME/skills (default ~/.codex/skills). Restart Codex if the skill does not show up.
$ npx skills add revfactory/harness-100 --skill normalization-patterns -a codexProject install goes to .agents/skills/; add -g for ~/.codex/skills/.
$ gh skill install revfactory/harness-100 normalization-patterns --agent codexProject scope by default (.agents/skills/); add --scope user for a personal install.
$ git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/revfactory/harness-100.git skills-src && mkdir -p .agents/skills && cp -r skills-src/en/19-database-architect/.claude/skills/normalization-patterns .agents/skills/normalization-patterns && rm -rf skills-srcUse ~/.agents/skills/ instead of .agents/skills for a personal install.
Codex skills documentation · loads skills from .agents/skills/
Install the "normalization-patterns" agent skill from https://github.com/revfactory/harness-100/tree/main/en/19-database-architect/.claude/skills/normalization-patterns into .agents/skills/normalization-patterns/ in this project. Copy the whole folder (SKILL.md and every file beside it), keep the folder name "normalization-patterns", then confirm the skill loads.Codex copies the folder itself, the same result as the manual copy. Check what it changed before you commit it.
$ npx skills add revfactory/harness-100 --skill normalization-patterns -a cursorProject install goes to .agents/skills/; add -g for ~/.cursor/skills/.
$ gh skill install revfactory/harness-100 normalization-patterns --agent cursorProject scope by default (.agents/skills/); add --scope user for a personal install.
$ git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/revfactory/harness-100.git skills-src && mkdir -p .cursor/skills && cp -r skills-src/en/19-database-architect/.claude/skills/normalization-patterns .cursor/skills/normalization-patterns && rm -rf skills-srcUse ~/.cursor/skills/ instead of .cursor/skills for a personal install.
Cursor skills documentation · loads skills from .cursor/skills/, .agents/skills/, .claude/skills/, .codex/skills/
Install the "normalization-patterns" agent skill from https://github.com/revfactory/harness-100/tree/main/en/19-database-architect/.claude/skills/normalization-patterns into .cursor/skills/normalization-patterns/ in this project. Copy the whole folder (SKILL.md and every file beside it), keep the folder name "normalization-patterns", then confirm the skill loads.Cursor copies the folder itself, the same result as the manual copy. Check what it changed before you commit it.
$ gemini skills install https://github.com/revfactory/harness-100.git --path en/19-database-architect/.claude/skills/normalization-patterns--scope user (default) or --scope workspace; --path is the subfolder of the repo that holds the skill; --consent skips the security confirmation prompt.
$ npx skills add revfactory/harness-100 --skill normalization-patterns -a gemini-cliProject install goes to .agents/skills/; add -g for ~/.gemini/skills/.
$ gh skill install revfactory/harness-100 normalization-patterns --agent gemini-cliProject scope by default (.agents/skills/); add --scope user for a personal install.
$ git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/revfactory/harness-100.git skills-src && mkdir -p .gemini/skills && cp -r skills-src/en/19-database-architect/.claude/skills/normalization-patterns .gemini/skills/normalization-patterns && rm -rf skills-srcUse ~/.gemini/skills/ instead of .gemini/skills for a personal install, then run /skills reload.
Gemini CLI skills documentation · loads skills from .gemini/skills/, .agents/skills/
Install the "normalization-patterns" agent skill from https://github.com/revfactory/harness-100/tree/main/en/19-database-architect/.claude/skills/normalization-patterns into .gemini/skills/normalization-patterns/ in this project. Copy the whole folder (SKILL.md and every file beside it), keep the folder name "normalization-patterns", then confirm the skill loads.Gemini CLI copies the folder itself, the same result as the manual copy. Check what it changed before you commit it.
$ gh skill install revfactory/harness-100 normalization-patternsInstalls for Copilot at project scope by default; add --scope user for a personal install. Preview a skill first with gh skill preview. Needs GitHub CLI 2.90.0 or later (public preview).
$ npx skills add revfactory/harness-100 --skill normalization-patterns -a github-copilotProject install goes to .agents/skills/; add -g for ~/.copilot/skills/.
$ git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/revfactory/harness-100.git skills-src && mkdir -p .github/skills && cp -r skills-src/en/19-database-architect/.claude/skills/normalization-patterns .github/skills/normalization-patterns && rm -rf skills-srcUse ~/.copilot/skills/ instead of .github/skills for a personal install. Commit .github/skills so cloud agent and code review can use it.
GitHub Copilot skills documentation · loads skills from .github/skills/, .claude/skills/, .agents/skills/
Install the "normalization-patterns" agent skill from https://github.com/revfactory/harness-100/tree/main/en/19-database-architect/.claude/skills/normalization-patterns into .github/skills/normalization-patterns/ in this project. Copy the whole folder (SKILL.md and every file beside it), keep the folder name "normalization-patterns", then confirm the skill loads.GitHub Copilot copies the folder itself, the same result as the manual copy. Check what it changed before you commit it.
$ npx skills add revfactory/harness-100 --skill normalization-patterns -a opencodeOpenCode documents no install command of its own. Project install goes to .agents/skills/; add -g for ~/.config/opencode/skills/.
$ gh skill install revfactory/harness-100 normalization-patterns --agent opencodeProject scope by default (.agents/skills/); add --scope user for a personal install.
$ git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/revfactory/harness-100.git skills-src && mkdir -p .opencode/skills && cp -r skills-src/en/19-database-architect/.claude/skills/normalization-patterns .opencode/skills/normalization-patterns && rm -rf skills-srcUse ~/.config/opencode/skills/ instead of .opencode/skills for a personal install.
OpenCode skills documentation · loads skills from .opencode/skills/, .claude/skills/, .agents/skills/
Install the "normalization-patterns" agent skill from https://github.com/revfactory/harness-100/tree/main/en/19-database-architect/.claude/skills/normalization-patterns into .opencode/skills/normalization-patterns/ in this project. Copy the whole folder (SKILL.md and every file beside it), keep the folder name "normalization-patterns", then confirm the skill loads.OpenCode copies the folder itself, the same result as the manual copy. Check what it changed before you commit it.
Facts
- Skill name
normalization-patterns- GitHub stars
- 1.3k
- Token cost
- ~1.7k tokens
- SKILL.md length
- 519 words
- Files
- 1
- Skills in repo
- 464
- Repo updated
- First seen
- Licence
- Apache-2.0
At a glance
Database normalization/denormalization pattern library. An agent skill from revfactory/harness-100.
- Data modeling involves normalization
- SKILL.md covers Target Agent, Normalization Stage…, Normalization Decision Flowchart and Strategic Denormalization…, plus 3 more sections
- Instructions only: no scripts, shell commands, URLs or credentials in SKILL.md
- Denormalization
What it does
Normalization Patterns is an agent skill from revfactory/harness-100. Database normalization/denormalization pattern library. An extension skill for data-modeler that provides 1NF-BCNF criteria, functional dependency analysis, step-by-step normalization procedures, strategic denormalization patterns, and common domain ERD templates. Use when data modeling involves 'normalization', 'denormalization', 'ERD patterns', 'functional dependencies', 'table splitting', 'relationship design', etc. Note: DDL generation and query optimization are outside the scope of this skill.
Its SKILL.md is about 1.7k tokens, which your agent loads only when the skill is triggered. It is a single SKILL.md file with no bundled scripts.
It sits in Databases, covering Database schema design. The licence is Apache-2.0.
When your agent uses it
- Data modeling involves normalization
- Denormalization
- Functional dependencies
- Table splitting
Example prompts
- “normalization”
- “denormalization”
- “ERD patterns”
- “/normalization-patterns”
What it can do on your machine
Read from SKILL.md and the folder at commit 8e8d35c. It shows what the files ask for, not the result of running them.
Tool permissions
Pre-approves nothing: there is no allowed-tools line, so your agent's usual permission prompts apply.
From allowed-tools in the SKILL.md frontmatter.
Runs code
No scripts in the folder and no shell commands in SKILL.md.
From the folder's file list and the shell code blocks in SKILL.md.
Network
No URLs in SKILL.md.
From URLs in SKILL.md, links to its own repository left out.
Credentials
Names no API keys, tokens, secrets or passwords.
From names ending in _API_KEY, _TOKEN, _SECRET, _KEY or _PASSWORD in SKILL.md.
Context cost
Normalization Patterns loads about 1.7k tokens when it runs. Until then it costs about 132 tokens; SKILL.md has 519 words of instructions outside code blocks.
Estimates: characters ÷ 4, the usual rule of thumb; real counts depend on the model's tokenizer. Scripts and assets cost tokens only if the agent reads them.
Safety
Auto-check passed
The automated check found no risky patterns in SKILL.md.
Automated static check — not a guarantee. Review scripts before installing. It scans the text of SKILL.md for risky patterns (piping downloads into a shell, reading credential files, hidden Unicode, destructive commands); files beside SKILL.md are not scanned.
SKILL.md
The full file from revfactory/harness-100 at commit 8e8d35c, republished under its Apache-2.0 licence (© revfactory). 519 words, ~1,708 tokens.
Download SKILL.mdSave it as
.claude/skills/normalization-patterns/SKILL.md (or your agent's skills folder).- name
- normalization-patterns
- description
- Database normalization/denormalization pattern library. An extension skill for data-modeler that provides 1NF-BCNF criteria, functional dependency analysis, step-by-step normalization procedures, strategic denormalization patterns, and common domain ERD templates. Use when data modeling involves 'normalization', 'denormalization', 'ERD patterns', 'functional dependencies', 'table splitting', 'relationship design', etc. Note: DDL generation and query optimization are outside the scope of this skill.
Normalization Patterns — Normalization/Denormalization Pattern Library
Normalization rules, denormalization strategies, and domain-specific ERD patterns used by the data-modeler agent during data modeling.
Target Agent
data-modeler — Directly applies the normalization rules and ERD patterns from this skill to data model designs.
Normalization Stage Identification & Transformation
1NF (First Normal Form)
Rule: Every column must contain atomic (indivisible) values.
| Violation Pattern | Problem | Solution |
|---|---|---|
| Multi-value column | tags = "java,python,go" | Separate table (M:N) |
| Repeating groups | phone1, phone2, phone3 | Separate table (1:N) |
| Composite values | address = "123 Main St, City, State" | Split into street/city/state columns |
2NF (Second Normal Form)
Prerequisite: Satisfies 1NF Rule: Remove partial functional dependencies — separate columns that depend on only part of a composite primary key.
| Violation Example | Dependency | Solution |
|---|---|---|
order_details(order_id, product_id, product_name, quantity) | product_name depends only on product_id | Separate into products table |
3NF (Third Normal Form)
Prerequisite: Satisfies 2NF Rule: Remove transitive functional dependencies — a non-key column must not determine another non-key column.
| Violation Example | Dependency | Solution |
|---|---|---|
employees(id, dept_id, dept_name, dept_head) | dept_name, dept_head transitively depend on dept_id | Separate into departments table |
BCNF (Boyce-Codd Normal Form)
Rule: Every determinant must be a candidate key.
| Violation Example | Problem | Solution |
|---|---|---|
enrollment(student, course, professor) where professor -> course | Professor is a determinant but not a candidate key | Separate into professor-course table |
Normalization Decision Flowchart
Data Analysis
├─ Atomic value violation? -> 1NF transformation
├─ Composite key & partial dependency? -> 2NF transformation
├─ Transitive dependency? -> 3NF transformation
├─ Non-candidate-key determinant? -> BCNF transformation
└─ Performance requirements -> Review strategic denormalizationStrategic Denormalization Patterns
When to Denormalize?
- When the read-to-write ratio is very high
- Frequent queries requiring 5+ JOINs
- When real-time aggregation/statistics are needed
- Dashboard/report-specific data
Denormalization Pattern Catalog
| Pattern | Description | Suitable For | Trade-offs |
|---|---|---|---|
| Derived column | Store computed values (total_price) | Frequent sum lookups | Requires sync on update |
| Duplicated column | Copy frequently used FK target columns | Avoiding JOINs | Data inconsistency risk |
| Pre-joined table | Materialize join results as physical table | Reports/dashboards | Storage space, update complexity |
| History snapshot | Preserve point-in-time data (order_address) | Storing address at time of order | Storage space |
| Counter column | likes_count, comments_count | Real-time count display | Concurrency handling |
| JSON/JSONB | Unstructured extension data | Settings, metadata | Indexing limitations |
Common Domain ERD Patterns
Show full SKILL.md (208 more words)Show less
E-Commerce
users ──1:N──> orders ──1:N──> order_items
│ │
└──1:N──> addresses products
└──1:N──> reviews ──N:1──────┘
│
products ──N:M──> categories (via product_categories)
products ──1:N──> product_images
products ──1:N──> product_variantsCore tables:
users(id, email, name, password_hash, created_at)products(id, name, description, base_price, status)orders(id, user_id, status, total, shipping_address_snapshot)order_items(id, order_id, product_id, variant_id, quantity, unit_price)
SaaS Multi-Tenant
tenants ──1:N──> users ──N:M──> roles (via user_roles)
│ │
└──1:N──> subscriptions permissions ──N:M──> roles
└──1:N──> [domain tables] (tenant_id FK)Key point: Include tenant_id in all business tables; apply RLS (Row Level Security)
Social Network
users ──N:M──> users (via follows: follower_id, following_id)
│
└──1:N──> posts ──1:N──> comments
│ └──N:M──> tags (via post_tags)
│ └──1:N──> likes (user_id + post_id UNIQUE)
└──1:N──> messages (sender_id, receiver_id)CMS/Blog
users ──1:N──> posts ──N:M──> tags (via post_tags)
│
└──1:N──> comments (self-referencing: parent_id)
└──1:N──> media
└──1:1──> post_meta (SEO, OG tags, etc.)Relationship Patterns
1:1 Relationship
- Large table splitting (frequently used columns vs rarely used columns)
- Optional extension (
user+user_profile) - Implementation: FK + UNIQUE constraint
1:N Relationship
- Most common relationship type
- Self-referencing: category trees, comment threads (
parent_id) - Implementation: FK on the child table
M:N Relationship
- Junction table required
- Junction table may include additional attributes (
created_at,role,quantity) - Naming:
{table1}_{table2}or a meaningful name (enrollments)
Common Column Patterns
Default Timestamps
Include in all tables:
id— UUID or BIGINT AUTO_INCREMENTcreated_at— TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT NOW()updated_at— TIMESTAMPTZ, auto-updated via trigger
Soft Delete
deleted_at— TIMESTAMPTZ NULL (NULL means not deleted)- All queries include
WHERE deleted_at IS NULLcondition - Enables restoration and serves as audit trail
Status Management
status— ENUM or VARCHAR- State transition rules must be documented (which states can transition to which)
- If history is needed, use a separate
status_historytable
Internationalization
- Strategy 1: Column extension (
name_ko,name_en,name_ja) - Strategy 2: Translation table (
product_translations: product_id, locale, name, description) - Strategy 2 recommended (no schema changes needed when adding languages)
© revfactory, Apache-2.0. Rendered from Markdown: HTML in the file is shown as text, images as links, and headings moved down two levels. Raw file
Files
Just SKILL.md in en/19-database-architect/.claude/skills/normalization-patterns of revfactory/harness-100.
Open the folder on GitHubat commit 8e8d35c
Compare with similar skills
Normalization Patterns next to the 5 skills that share the most tags, products or categories with it. Stars are the repository's; “used in” counts other GitHub owners with a copy.
| Skill | Stars | Used in | Tokens | Auto-check | Licence | Repo updated |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normalization Patterns this skillrevfactory/harness-100 | 1.3k | — | ~1.7k | Automated safety check: Pass | Apache-2.0 | |
| SQL Optimization Patternsynulihao/AgentSkillOS | 617 | 11 repos | ~3.3k | Automated safety check: Pass | None | |
| Datamodellmnimbalyst/nimbalyst | 1.9k | — | ~713 | Automated safety check: Pass | MIT | |
| Add Mpk Taskmirage-project/mirage | 2.5k | — | ~4.5k | Automated safety check: Pass | Apache-2.0 | |
| B200 Flash Attention4 Plannermirage-project/mirage | 2.5k | — | ~1.9k | Automated safety check: Pass | Apache-2.0 | |
| Experiment Auditwanshuiyin/Auto-claude-code-research-in-sleep | 17k | 1 repos | ~2.7k | Automated safety check: Notes | MIT |
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Related
Categories
Questions about Normalization Patterns
What does Normalization Patterns do?
Database normalization/denormalization pattern library. An agent skill from revfactory/harness-100. Normalization Patterns is an agent skill from revfactory/harness-100. Database normalization/denormalization pattern library.
When should I use Normalization Patterns?
Normalization Patterns fits situations like: data modeling involves normalization; denormalization; functional dependencies; table splitting.
How do I install Normalization Patterns in Claude Code?
Run `npx skills add revfactory/harness-100 --skill normalization-patterns -a claude-code`. Or copy the skill folder (en/19-database-architect/.claude/skills/normalization-patterns in revfactory/harness-100) into .claude/skills/normalization-patterns in your project. Claude Code loads it when a task matches its description.
How do I install Normalization Patterns in Codex?
Run `npx skills add revfactory/harness-100 --skill normalization-patterns -a codex`. Or copy the skill folder (en/19-database-architect/.claude/skills/normalization-patterns in revfactory/harness-100) into .agents/skills/normalization-patterns in your project. Codex loads it when a task matches its description.
Can I use Normalization Patterns in Cursor, Gemini CLI or GitHub Copilot?
Cursor, Gemini CLI, GitHub Copilot and OpenCode also load SKILL.md folders. With the skills CLI, run `npx skills add revfactory/harness-100 --skill normalization-patterns -a cursor` (or -a gemini-cli, github-copilot or opencode for the others). To copy it by hand, put the folder in .cursor/skills/normalization-patterns, .gemini/skills/normalization-patterns, .github/skills/normalization-patterns and .opencode/skills/normalization-patterns in your project.
What does Normalization Patterns need to run?
SKILL.md names no scripts, command-line tools or credentials: Normalization Patterns is instructions for the agent only.
Does Normalization Patterns access the network?
SKILL.md contains no URLs. Any network use would come from the scripts or tools the agent runs. This is read from the text; nothing was executed.
Is Normalization Patterns safe to install?
Our automated static check of SKILL.md found no risky patterns, such as piping downloads into a shell, reading credential files or hidden Unicode. It is not a guarantee. Review the folder before installing.
What licence does Normalization Patterns use?
Normalization Patterns is published under the Apache-2.0 licence (the repository's licence). It allows redistribution, so the full SKILL.md is shown on this page.
How many tokens does Normalization Patterns use?
About 1.7k tokens (SKILL.md is roughly 6.8k characters). Agents keep only the skill's name and description in context until a task matches; then they load SKILL.md in full.
What are the alternatives to Normalization Patterns?
Skills that share tags, products or a category with Normalization Patterns: SQL Optimization Patterns (ynulihao/AgentSkillOS, 617 stars), Datamodellm (nimbalyst/nimbalyst, 1.9k stars), Add Mpk Task (mirage-project/mirage, 2.5k stars) and B200 Flash Attention4 Planner (mirage-project/mirage, 2.5k stars). The comparison table on this page puts their stars, adoption, token cost, safety result and licence side by side.
Who maintains Normalization Patterns?
revfactory (a GitHub user) maintains it in revfactory/harness-100, which has 1,295 GitHub stars. The repository holds 464 skills in this directory. The repository was last updated on March 22, 2026.
Source: revfactory/harness-100 on GitHub. Facts on this page come from the repository at the commit we read; the author's words are quoted as theirs.