Agent skill

Fine Tuning With Trl

by Orchestra-Research in Orchestra-Research/AI-Research-SKILLs

Fine-tune LLMs using reinforcement learning with TRL - SFT for instruction tuning, DPO for preference alignment, PPO/GRPO for reward optimization, and reward model training.

MITAuto-check passedAI & LLM Engineering

Install Fine Tuning With Trl

skills CLI
$ npx skills add Orchestra-Research/AI-Research-SKILLs --skill fine-tuning-with-trl -a claude-code

Project install by default; add -g for ~/.claude/skills/.

GitHub CLI
$ gh skill install Orchestra-Research/AI-Research-SKILLs fine-tuning-with-trl --agent claude-code

Project scope by default; add --scope user for a personal install. Needs GitHub CLI 2.90.0 or later (public preview).

Manual copy
$ git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/Orchestra-Research/AI-Research-SKILLs.git skills-src && mkdir -p .claude/skills && cp -r skills-src/06-post-training/trl-fine-tuning .claude/skills/fine-tuning-with-trl && rm -rf skills-src

Use ~/.claude/skills/ instead of .claude/skills for a personal install. The folder must contain SKILL.md.

Claude Code skills documentation · loads skills from .claude/skills/

Facts

Skill name
fine-tuning-with-trl
GitHub stars
13k
Used in
6 other repos
Token cost
~2.9k tokens
SKILL.md length
464 words
Files
5 (incl. references)
Skills in repo
96
Repo updated
First seen
Licence
MIT

At a glance

Fine-tune LLMs using reinforcement learning with TRL - SFT for instruction tuning, DPO for preference alignment, PPO/GRPO for reward optimization, and reward model training.

  • Align model with preferences
  • SKILL.md covers Quick start, Common workflows, When to use vs alternatives and Common issues, plus 3 more sections
  • Calls pip and python
  • Train from human feedback

What it does

Fine Tuning With Trl is an agent skill from Orchestra-Research/AI-Research-SKILLs. Fine-tune LLMs using reinforcement learning with TRL - SFT for instruction tuning, DPO for preference alignment, PPO/GRPO for reward optimization, and reward model training. Use when need RLHF, align model with preferences, or train from human feedback. Works with HuggingFace Transformers.

Its SKILL.md is about 2.9k tokens, which your agent loads only when the skill is triggered. The skill folder holds 5 other files, including reference files (for example `references/dpo-variants.md`, `references/online-rl.md` and `references/reward-modeling.md`).

It sits in AI & LLM Engineering, covering Fine-tuning and Reinforcement learning. It works with Transformers. The repository describes itself as: Comprehensive open-source library of AI research and engineering skills for any AI model. Package the skills and your claude code/codex/gemini agent will be an AI research agent… The licence is MIT.

When your agent uses it

  • Align model with preferences
  • Train from human feedback

Example prompts

  • “/fine-tuning-with-trl”

Requirements

  • Python 3

What it can do on your machine

Read from SKILL.md and the folder at commit 773a529. It shows what the files ask for, not the result of running them.

  • Tool permissions

    Pre-approves nothing: there is no allowed-tools line, so your agent's usual permission prompts apply.

    From allowed-tools in the SKILL.md frontmatter.

  • Runs code

    Shell commands in SKILL.md call:

    • pip
    • python

    From the folder's file list and the shell code blocks in SKILL.md.

  • Network

    Links to these hosts (documentation or services it may open):

    • github.com
    • huggingface.co

    From URLs in SKILL.md, links to its own repository left out.

  • Credentials

    Names no API keys, tokens, secrets or passwords.

    From names ending in _API_KEY, _TOKEN, _SECRET, _KEY or _PASSWORD in SKILL.md.

Context cost

Fine Tuning With Trl loads about 2.9k tokens when it runs, and up to ~5.9k if it reads all its reference files. Until then it costs about 78 tokens; SKILL.md has 464 words of instructions outside code blocks.

Always · name and description, kept in context so the agent knows when to use it
~78
When it runs · the whole SKILL.md, loaded when a task matches
~2.9k
With references · SKILL.md plus every file in references/, read only if the agent opens them
~5.9k

Estimates: characters ÷ 4, the usual rule of thumb; real counts depend on the model's tokenizer. Scripts and assets cost tokens only if the agent reads them.

Safety

Auto-check passed

The automated check found no risky patterns in SKILL.md.

Automated static check — not a guarantee. Review scripts before installing. It scans the text of SKILL.md for risky patterns (piping downloads into a shell, reading credential files, hidden Unicode, destructive commands); files beside SKILL.md are not scanned.

SKILL.md

The full file from Orchestra-Research/AI-Research-SKILLs at commit 773a529, republished under its MIT licence (© Orchestra-Research). 464 words, ~2,862 tokens.

Download SKILL.mdSave it as .claude/skills/fine-tuning-with-trl/SKILL.md (or your agent's skills folder). This skill also uses 4 other files; get the full folder from GitHub.
name
fine-tuning-with-trl
description
Fine-tune LLMs using reinforcement learning with TRL - SFT for instruction tuning, DPO for preference alignment, PPO/GRPO for reward optimization, and reward model training. Use when need RLHF, align model with preferences, or train from human feedback. Works with HuggingFace Transformers.
version
1.0.0
author
Orchestra Research
license
MIT
tags
Post-Training, TRL, Reinforcement Learning, Fine-Tuning, SFT, DPO, PPO, GRPO, RLHF, Preference Alignment, HuggingFace
dependencies
trl, transformers, datasets, peft, accelerate, torch

TRL - Transformer Reinforcement Learning

Quick start

TRL provides post-training methods for aligning language models with human preferences.

Installation:

bash
pip install trl transformers datasets peft accelerate

Supervised Fine-Tuning (instruction tuning):

python
from trl import SFTTrainer

trainer = SFTTrainer(
    model="Qwen/Qwen2.5-0.5B",
    train_dataset=dataset,  # Prompt-completion pairs
)
trainer.train()

DPO (align with preferences):

python
from trl import DPOTrainer, DPOConfig

config = DPOConfig(output_dir="model-dpo", beta=0.1)
trainer = DPOTrainer(
    model=model,
    args=config,
    train_dataset=preference_dataset,  # chosen/rejected pairs
    processing_class=tokenizer
)
trainer.train()

Common workflows

Workflow 1: Full RLHF pipeline (SFT → Reward Model → PPO)

Complete pipeline from base model to human-aligned model.

Copy this checklist:

RLHF Training:
- [ ] Step 1: Supervised fine-tuning (SFT)
- [ ] Step 2: Train reward model
- [ ] Step 3: PPO reinforcement learning
- [ ] Step 4: Evaluate aligned model

Step 1: Supervised fine-tuning

Train base model on instruction-following data:

python
from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer
from trl import SFTTrainer, SFTConfig
from datasets import load_dataset

# Load model
model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained("Qwen/Qwen2.5-0.5B")
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("Qwen/Qwen2.5-0.5B")

# Load instruction dataset
dataset = load_dataset("trl-lib/Capybara", split="train")

# Configure training
training_args = SFTConfig(
    output_dir="Qwen2.5-0.5B-SFT",
    per_device_train_batch_size=4,
    num_train_epochs=1,
    learning_rate=2e-5,
    logging_steps=10,
    save_strategy="epoch"
)

# Train
trainer = SFTTrainer(
    model=model,
    args=training_args,
    train_dataset=dataset,
    tokenizer=tokenizer
)
trainer.train()
trainer.save_model()

Step 2: Train reward model

Train model to predict human preferences:

python
from transformers import AutoModelForSequenceClassification
from trl import RewardTrainer, RewardConfig

# Load SFT model as base
model = AutoModelForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained(
    "Qwen2.5-0.5B-SFT",
    num_labels=1  # Single reward score
)
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("Qwen2.5-0.5B-SFT")

# Load preference data (chosen/rejected pairs)
dataset = load_dataset("trl-lib/ultrafeedback_binarized", split="train")

# Configure training
training_args = RewardConfig(
    output_dir="Qwen2.5-0.5B-Reward",
    per_device_train_batch_size=2,
    num_train_epochs=1,
    learning_rate=1e-5
)

# Train reward model
trainer = RewardTrainer(
    model=model,
    args=training_args,
    processing_class=tokenizer,
    train_dataset=dataset
)
trainer.train()
trainer.save_model()

Step 3: PPO reinforcement learning

Optimize policy using reward model:

bash
python -m trl.scripts.ppo \
    --model_name_or_path Qwen2.5-0.5B-SFT \
    --reward_model_path Qwen2.5-0.5B-Reward \
    --dataset_name trl-internal-testing/descriptiveness-sentiment-trl-style \
    --output_dir Qwen2.5-0.5B-PPO \
    --learning_rate 3e-6 \
    --per_device_train_batch_size 64 \
    --total_episodes 10000

Step 4: Evaluate

python
from transformers import pipeline

# Load aligned model
generator = pipeline("text-generation", model="Qwen2.5-0.5B-PPO")

# Test
prompt = "Explain quantum computing to a 10-year-old"
output = generator(prompt, max_length=200)[0]["generated_text"]
print(output)
Workflow 2: Simple preference alignment with DPO

Align model with preferences without reward model.

Copy this checklist:

DPO Training:
- [ ] Step 1: Prepare preference dataset
- [ ] Step 2: Configure DPO
- [ ] Step 3: Train with DPOTrainer
- [ ] Step 4: Evaluate alignment

Step 1: Prepare preference dataset

Dataset format:

json
{
  "prompt": "What is the capital of France?",
  "chosen": "The capital of France is Paris.",
  "rejected": "I don't know."
}

Load dataset:

python
from datasets import load_dataset

dataset = load_dataset("trl-lib/ultrafeedback_binarized", split="train")
# Or load your own
# dataset = load_dataset("json", data_files="preferences.json")

Step 2: Configure DPO

python
from trl import DPOConfig

config = DPOConfig(
    output_dir="Qwen2.5-0.5B-DPO",
    per_device_train_batch_size=4,
    num_train_epochs=1,
    learning_rate=5e-7,
    beta=0.1,  # KL penalty strength
    max_prompt_length=512,
    max_length=1024,
    logging_steps=10
)

Step 3: Train with DPOTrainer

python
from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer
from trl import DPOTrainer

model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained("Qwen/Qwen2.5-0.5B-Instruct")
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("Qwen/Qwen2.5-0.5B-Instruct")

trainer = DPOTrainer(
    model=model,
    args=config,
    train_dataset=dataset,
    processing_class=tokenizer
)

trainer.train()
trainer.save_model()

CLI alternative:

bash
trl dpo \
    --model_name_or_path Qwen/Qwen2.5-0.5B-Instruct \
    --dataset_name argilla/Capybara-Preferences \
    --output_dir Qwen2.5-0.5B-DPO \
    --per_device_train_batch_size 4 \
    --learning_rate 5e-7 \
    --beta 0.1
Workflow 3: Memory-efficient online RL with GRPO

Train with reinforcement learning using minimal memory.

Copy this checklist:

GRPO Training:
- [ ] Step 1: Define reward function
- [ ] Step 2: Configure GRPO
- [ ] Step 3: Train with GRPOTrainer

Step 1: Define reward function

python
def reward_function(completions, **kwargs):
    """
    Compute rewards for completions.

    Args:
        completions: List of generated texts

    Returns:
        List of reward scores (floats)
    """
    rewards = []
    for completion in completions:
        # Example: reward based on length and unique words
        score = len(completion.split())  # Favor longer responses
        score += len(set(completion.lower().split()))  # Reward unique words
        rewards.append(score)
    return rewards

Or use a reward model:

python
from transformers import pipeline

reward_model = pipeline("text-classification", model="reward-model-path")

def reward_from_model(completions, prompts, **kwargs):
    # Combine prompt + completion
    full_texts = [p + c for p, c in zip(prompts, completions)]
    # Get reward scores
    results = reward_model(full_texts)
    return [r["score"] for r in results]

Step 2: Configure GRPO

python
from trl import GRPOConfig

config = GRPOConfig(
    output_dir="Qwen2-GRPO",
    per_device_train_batch_size=4,
    num_train_epochs=1,
    learning_rate=1e-5,
    num_generations=4,  # Generate 4 completions per prompt
    max_new_tokens=128
)

Step 3: Train with GRPOTrainer

python
from datasets import load_dataset
from trl import GRPOTrainer

# Load prompt-only dataset
dataset = load_dataset("trl-lib/tldr", split="train")

trainer = GRPOTrainer(
    model="Qwen/Qwen2-0.5B-Instruct",
    reward_funcs=reward_function,  # Your reward function
    args=config,
    train_dataset=dataset
)

trainer.train()

CLI:

bash
trl grpo \
    --model_name_or_path Qwen/Qwen2-0.5B-Instruct \
    --dataset_name trl-lib/tldr \
    --output_dir Qwen2-GRPO \
    --num_generations 4

When to use vs alternatives

Use TRL when:

  • Need to align model with human preferences
  • Have preference data (chosen/rejected pairs)
  • Want to use reinforcement learning (PPO, GRPO)
  • Need reward model training
  • Doing RLHF (full pipeline)

Method selection:

  • SFT: Have prompt-completion pairs, want basic instruction following
  • DPO: Have preferences, want simple alignment (no reward model needed)
  • PPO: Have reward model, need maximum control over RL
  • GRPO: Memory-constrained, want online RL
  • Reward Model: Building RLHF pipeline, need to score generations

Use alternatives instead:

  • HuggingFace Trainer: Basic fine-tuning without RL
  • Axolotl: YAML-based training configuration
  • LitGPT: Educational, minimal fine-tuning
  • Unsloth: Fast LoRA training
Show full SKILL.md (209 more words)Show less

Common issues

Issue: OOM during DPO training

Reduce batch size and sequence length:

python
config = DPOConfig(
    per_device_train_batch_size=1,  # Reduce from 4
    max_length=512,  # Reduce from 1024
    gradient_accumulation_steps=8  # Maintain effective batch
)

Or use gradient checkpointing:

python
model.gradient_checkpointing_enable()

Issue: Poor alignment quality

Tune beta parameter:

python
# Higher beta = more conservative (stays closer to reference)
config = DPOConfig(beta=0.5)  # Default 0.1

# Lower beta = more aggressive alignment
config = DPOConfig(beta=0.01)

Issue: Reward model not learning

Check loss type and learning rate:

python
config = RewardConfig(
    learning_rate=1e-5,  # Try different LR
    num_train_epochs=3  # Train longer
)

Ensure preference dataset has clear winners:

python
# Verify dataset
print(dataset[0])
# Should have clear chosen > rejected

Issue: PPO training unstable

Adjust KL coefficient:

python
config = PPOConfig(
    kl_coef=0.1,  # Increase from 0.05
    cliprange=0.1  # Reduce from 0.2
)

Advanced topics

SFT training guide: See references/sft-training.md for dataset formats, chat templates, packing strategies, and multi-GPU training.

DPO variants: See references/dpo-variants.md for IPO, cDPO, RPO, and other DPO loss functions with recommended hyperparameters.

Reward modeling: See references/reward-modeling.md for outcome vs process rewards, Bradley-Terry loss, and reward model evaluation.

Online RL methods: See references/online-rl.md for PPO, GRPO, RLOO, and OnlineDPO with detailed configurations.

Hardware requirements

  • GPU: NVIDIA (CUDA required)
  • VRAM: Depends on model and method
    • SFT 7B: 16GB (with LoRA)
    • DPO 7B: 24GB (stores reference model)
    • PPO 7B: 40GB (policy + reward model)
    • GRPO 7B: 24GB (more memory efficient)
  • Multi-GPU: Supported via accelerate
  • Mixed precision: BF16 recommended (A100/H100)

Memory optimization:

  • Use LoRA/QLoRA for all methods
  • Enable gradient checkpointing
  • Use smaller batch sizes with gradient accumulation

Resources

© Orchestra-Research, MIT. Rendered from Markdown: HTML in the file is shown as text, images as links, and headings moved down two levels. Raw file

Files

SKILL.md and 4 other files (references) in 06-post-training/trl-fine-tuning of Orchestra-Research/AI-Research-SKILLs.

  • SKILL.md
  • references/dpo-variants.md
  • references/online-rl.md
  • references/reward-modeling.md
  • references/sft-training.md

Open the folder on GitHubat commit 773a529

Used in 6 other repositories

We found 7 copies of this SKILL.md (exact, near-identical or edited) in other folders, from 6 other GitHub owners. This page covers the copy in Orchestra-Research/AI-Research-SKILLs, which our catalogue first saw on October 7, 2026.

Compare with similar skills

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Works with

Questions about Fine Tuning With Trl

What does Fine Tuning With Trl do?

Fine-tune LLMs using reinforcement learning with TRL - SFT for instruction tuning, DPO for preference alignment, PPO/GRPO for reward optimization, and reward model training. Fine Tuning With Trl is an agent skill from Orchestra-Research/AI-Research-SKILLs. Fine-tune LLMs using reinforcement learning with TRL - SFT for instruction tuning, DPO for preference alignment, PPO/GRPO for reward optimization, and reward model training.

When should I use Fine Tuning With Trl?

Fine Tuning With Trl fits situations like: align model with preferences; train from human feedback.

How do I install Fine Tuning With Trl in Claude Code?

Run `npx skills add Orchestra-Research/AI-Research-SKILLs --skill fine-tuning-with-trl -a claude-code`. Or copy the skill folder (06-post-training/trl-fine-tuning in Orchestra-Research/AI-Research-SKILLs) into .claude/skills/fine-tuning-with-trl in your project. Claude Code loads it when a task matches its description.

How do I install Fine Tuning With Trl in Codex?

Run `npx skills add Orchestra-Research/AI-Research-SKILLs --skill fine-tuning-with-trl -a codex`. Or copy the skill folder (06-post-training/trl-fine-tuning in Orchestra-Research/AI-Research-SKILLs) into .agents/skills/fine-tuning-with-trl in your project. Codex loads it when a task matches its description.

Can I use Fine Tuning With Trl in Cursor, Gemini CLI or GitHub Copilot?

Cursor, Gemini CLI, GitHub Copilot and OpenCode also load SKILL.md folders. With the skills CLI, run `npx skills add Orchestra-Research/AI-Research-SKILLs --skill fine-tuning-with-trl -a cursor` (or -a gemini-cli, github-copilot or opencode for the others). To copy it by hand, put the folder in .cursor/skills/fine-tuning-with-trl, .gemini/skills/fine-tuning-with-trl, .github/skills/fine-tuning-with-trl and .opencode/skills/fine-tuning-with-trl in your project.

What does Fine Tuning With Trl need to run?

Going by SKILL.md and its folder, Fine Tuning With Trl needs the command-line tools its instructions call (pip and python). Our summary lists: Python 3.

Does Fine Tuning With Trl access the network?

SKILL.md names 2 domains. As links in the text: github.com and huggingface.co. This is read from the text; nothing was executed.

Is Fine Tuning With Trl safe to install?

Our automated static check of SKILL.md found no risky patterns, such as piping downloads into a shell, reading credential files or hidden Unicode. It is not a guarantee. Review the folder before installing.

What licence does Fine Tuning With Trl use?

Fine Tuning With Trl is published under the MIT licence (declared in SKILL.md). It allows redistribution, so the full SKILL.md is shown on this page.

How many tokens does Fine Tuning With Trl use?

About 2.9k tokens (SKILL.md is roughly 11k characters). Agents keep only the skill's name and description in context until a task matches; then they load SKILL.md in full. Its references folder adds about 3k tokens, read only when the agent opens those files.

What are the alternatives to Fine Tuning With Trl?

Skills that share tags, products or a category with Fine Tuning With Trl: Train Rl (OpenPipe/ART, 11k stars), Qwopus27b Rl Training (R6410418/Jackrong-llm-finetuning-guide, 1.7k stars), Optim Agent (Optim-Agent/optim-agent, 801 stars) and Safactory Workflows (AI45Lab/SAfactory, 236 stars). The comparison table on this page puts their stars, adoption, token cost, safety result and licence side by side.

Who maintains Fine Tuning With Trl?

Orchestra-Research (a GitHub organization) maintains it in Orchestra-Research/AI-Research-SKILLs, which has 13,405 GitHub stars. The repository holds 96 skills in this directory. The repository was last updated on June 16, 2026.

Source: Orchestra-Research/AI-Research-SKILLs on GitHub. Facts on this page come from the repository at the commit we read; the author's words are quoted as theirs.