Agent skill

Selecting Privacy Enhancing Technologies

by mukul975 in mukul975/Privacy-Data-Protection-Skills

Comprehensive PET selection guide covering differential privacy, homomorphic encryption, secure multi-party computation, federated learning, zero-knowledge proofs, and trusted execution environments.

Apache-2.0Auto-check passedLegal & Compliance

Install Selecting Privacy Enhancing Technologies

skills CLI
$ npx skills add mukul975/Privacy-Data-Protection-Skills --skill selecting-privacy-enhancing-technologies -a claude-code

Project install by default; add -g for ~/.claude/skills/.

GitHub CLI
$ gh skill install mukul975/Privacy-Data-Protection-Skills selecting-privacy-enhancing-technologies --agent claude-code

Project scope by default; add --scope user for a personal install. Needs GitHub CLI 2.90.0 or later (public preview).

Manual copy
$ git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/mukul975/Privacy-Data-Protection-Skills.git skills-src && mkdir -p .claude/skills && cp -r skills-src/skills/privacy/selecting-privacy-enhancing-technologies .claude/skills/selecting-privacy-enhancing-technologies && rm -rf skills-src

Use ~/.claude/skills/ instead of .claude/skills for a personal install. The folder must contain SKILL.md.

Claude Code skills documentation · loads skills from .claude/skills/

Facts

Skill name
selecting-privacy-enhancing-technologies
GitHub stars
297
Token cost
~2.6k tokens
SKILL.md length
1,174 words
Files
5 (incl. scripts, references, assets)
Skills in repo
280
Repo updated
First seen
Licence
Apache-2.0

At a glance

Comprehensive PET selection guide covering differential privacy, homomorphic encryption, secure multi-party computation, federated learning, zero-knowledge proofs, and trusted execution environments.

  • Works in 10 steps: Differential Privacy (DP) → Homomorphic Encryption (HE) → Secure Multi-Party Computation (SMPC) → …
  • Tasks that involve Privacy and GDPR
  • SKILL.md covers Overview, PET Taxonomy, Use-Case Matching Matrix and PET Selection Decision Framework, plus 1 more section
  • Runs Python scripts from its folder

What it does

Selecting Privacy Enhancing Technologies is an agent skill from mukul975/Privacy-Data-Protection-Skills. Comprehensive PET selection guide covering differential privacy, homomorphic encryption, secure multi-party computation, federated learning, zero-knowledge proofs, and trusted execution environments. Includes use-case matching matrix, performance comparison, and GDPR alignment assessment for each technology.

Its SKILL.md is about 2.6k tokens, which your agent loads only when the skill is triggered. The skill folder holds 7 other files, including scripts, reference files and assets (for example `assets/template.md`, `references/standards.md` and `references/workflows.md`).

It sits in Legal & Compliance, covering Privacy and GDPR and Cryptography. The repository describes itself as: 282+ structured privacy & data protection skills for AI agents. GDPR, CCPA, EU AI Act, HIPAA, LGPD, PIPL, DPDP Act. The licence is Apache-2.0.

When your agent uses it

  • Tasks that involve Privacy and GDPR
  • Tasks that involve Cryptography

Example prompts

  • “/selecting-privacy-enhancing-technologies”

Requirements

  • Python 3

Workflow steps

10 steps, taken from the step headings in SKILL.md.

  1. Differential Privacy (DP)
  2. Homomorphic Encryption (HE)
  3. Secure Multi-Party Computation (SMPC)
  4. Federated Learning (FL)
  5. Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKP)
  6. Trusted Execution Environments (TEE)
  7. Define Privacy Requirements
  8. Assess Constraints
  9. Evaluate Combinations
  10. GDPR Alignment Verification

What it can do on your machine

Read from SKILL.md and the folder at commit 9b2ef9e. It shows what the files ask for, not the result of running them.

  • Tool permissions

    Pre-approves nothing: there is no allowed-tools line, so your agent's usual permission prompts apply.

    From allowed-tools in the SKILL.md frontmatter.

  • Runs code

    Ships 1 file in scripts/ (Python), which the agent can run.

    From the folder's file list and the shell code blocks in SKILL.md.

  • Network

    No URLs in SKILL.md.

    From URLs in SKILL.md, links to its own repository left out.

  • Credentials

    Names no API keys, tokens, secrets or passwords.

    From names ending in _API_KEY, _TOKEN, _SECRET, _KEY or _PASSWORD in SKILL.md.

Context cost

Selecting Privacy Enhancing Technologies loads about 2.6k tokens when it runs, and up to ~5k if it reads all its reference files. Until then it costs about 88 tokens; SKILL.md has 1,174 words of instructions outside code blocks.

Always · name and description, kept in context so the agent knows when to use it
~88
When it runs · the whole SKILL.md, loaded when a task matches
~2.6k
With references · SKILL.md plus every file in references/, read only if the agent opens them
~5k

Estimates: characters ÷ 4, the usual rule of thumb; real counts depend on the model's tokenizer. Scripts and assets cost tokens only if the agent reads them.

Safety

Auto-check passed

The automated check found no risky patterns in SKILL.md.

Automated static check — not a guarantee. Review scripts before installing. It scans the text of SKILL.md for risky patterns (piping downloads into a shell, reading credential files, hidden Unicode, destructive commands); the scripts in this folder are not scanned.

SKILL.md

The full file from mukul975/Privacy-Data-Protection-Skills at commit 9b2ef9e, republished under its Apache-2.0 licence (© mukul975). 1,174 words, ~2,623 tokens.

Download SKILL.mdSave it as .claude/skills/selecting-privacy-enhancing-technologies/SKILL.md (or your agent's skills folder). This skill also uses 4 other files; get the full folder from GitHub.
name
selecting-privacy-enhancing-technologies
description
Comprehensive PET selection guide covering differential privacy, homomorphic encryption, secure multi-party computation, federated learning, zero-knowledge proofs, and trusted execution environments. Includes use-case matching matrix, performance comparison, and GDPR alignment assessment for each technology.
license
Apache-2.0
metadata.author
mukul975
metadata.version
1.0
metadata.domain
privacy
metadata.subdomain
privacy-by-design
metadata.tags
pet-selection, homomorphic-encryption, federated-learning, zero-knowledge-proofs, secure-computation

Selecting Privacy-Enhancing Technologies

Overview

Privacy-Enhancing Technologies (PETs) are technical measures that protect personal data during collection, processing, storage, and sharing. The GDPR does not prescribe specific technologies but requires "appropriate technical measures" (Article 25(1), Article 32(1)) to implement data protection principles. The European Commission's February 2025 communication on PETs and the ENISA 2023 report on engineering privacy by design with PETs provide regulatory context for PET adoption.

Selecting the right PET depends on the processing scenario, data sensitivity, computational requirements, and the specific privacy property needed (confidentiality, anonymity, unlinkability, or transparency).

PET Taxonomy

1. Differential Privacy (DP)

Privacy property: Statistical indistinguishability — the output of an analysis is approximately the same whether or not any individual's data is included.

CharacteristicDetail
ApproachAdd calibrated noise to query results or model gradients
Privacy guaranteeMathematically provable (epsilon, delta) bounds
Data utilityConfigurable via epsilon; lower epsilon = more privacy, less utility
Performance overheadMinimal for query-time noise; moderate for DP-SGD training
MaturityProduction-ready (Apple, Google, US Census Bureau)
GDPR relevanceSupports Recital 26 anonymization when epsilon is sufficiently small; Art. 25(1) by design measure

Best for: Statistical analytics, aggregate reporting, ML model training on sensitive data.

Libraries: Google DP Library, OpenDP, IBM diffprivlib, PyDP.

2. Homomorphic Encryption (HE)

Privacy property: Computation on encrypted data — results are decrypted only by the data owner.

CharacteristicDetail
ApproachEncrypt data such that mathematical operations on ciphertext produce valid results when decrypted
Privacy guaranteeCryptographic (lattice-based hardness assumptions)
Data utilityExact results (no noise added)
Performance overheadHigh: 1,000x-1,000,000x slower than plaintext, depending on scheme and operation
MaturityEmerging for production; active research on performance optimization
GDPR relevanceArt. 32(1)(a) encryption as security measure; enables processing without exposing plaintext to processor

Schemes:

  • BFV (Brakerski/Fan-Vercauteren): Integer arithmetic, exact. Suitable for counting, matching.
  • BGV (Brakerski-Gentry-Vaikuntanathan): Integer arithmetic with modulus switching. Efficient for deep circuits.
  • CKKS (Cheon-Kim-Kim-Song): Approximate arithmetic on real/complex numbers. Suitable for ML inference.
  • TFHE (Torus FHE): Fast bootstrapping, gate-by-gate evaluation. Suitable for boolean circuits.

Libraries: Microsoft SEAL, IBM HELib, Google FHE (Fully Homomorphic Encryption transpiler), TFHE-rs, OpenFHE.

3. Secure Multi-Party Computation (SMPC)

Privacy property: Joint computation without revealing individual inputs — each party learns only the final result.

CharacteristicDetail
ApproachSecret sharing, garbled circuits, or oblivious transfer protocols
Privacy guaranteeInformation-theoretic (for secret sharing) or computational (for garbled circuits)
Data utilityExact results
Performance overheadModerate to high; depends on circuit complexity and number of parties
MaturityProduction deployments in financial services, healthcare consortia
GDPR relevanceEnables joint controllership (Art. 26) analytics without data sharing; supports data minimization (Art. 5(1)(c))

Frameworks: MP-SPDZ, CrypTen (Meta), MOTION, ABY/ABY3, Sharemind.

4. Federated Learning (FL)

Privacy property: Model training without centralizing data — raw data never leaves the data owner's environment.

CharacteristicDetail
ApproachDistribute model training to data owners; aggregate only model updates (gradients)
Privacy guaranteeData locality (raw data stays on device); strengthened with secure aggregation and DP
Data utilityDepends on data distribution across participants (IID vs non-IID)
Performance overheadCommunication overhead for gradient exchange; multiple training rounds
MaturityProduction at Google (Gboard), Apple (Siri), hospitals (NVIDIA FLARE)
GDPR relevanceSupports Art. 5(1)(c) minimization; reduces cross-border transfer requirements (Chapter V)

Frameworks: TensorFlow Federated, PySyft (OpenMined), NVIDIA FLARE, Flower, FedML.

5. Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKP)

Privacy property: Prove a statement is true without revealing the underlying data.

CharacteristicDetail
ApproachProver demonstrates knowledge of a secret (e.g., age ≥ 18) without revealing the secret (date of birth)
Privacy guaranteeSoundness (false statements cannot be proven) and zero-knowledge (verifier learns nothing beyond the statement's truth)
Data utilityBinary verification (proof valid/invalid); no data disclosed
Performance overheadProof generation: moderate to high; proof verification: fast
MaturityProduction in blockchain identity; emerging in enterprise identity verification
GDPR relevanceUltimate data minimization — prove compliance without disclosing data; supports Art. 5(1)(c), Art. 25

Systems: zk-SNARKs (Groth16, PLONK), zk-STARKs, Bulletproofs.

6. Trusted Execution Environments (TEE)

Privacy property: Isolated computation — data is processed inside a hardware-protected enclave that even the system administrator cannot access.

CharacteristicDetail
ApproachHardware-enforced isolation using secure enclaves (Intel SGX, AMD SEV, ARM TrustZone, AWS Nitro)
Privacy guaranteeHardware-based attestation and memory encryption
Data utilityFull computation capability inside enclave
Performance overheadLow to moderate; limited enclave memory may require data streaming
MaturityProduction: Azure Confidential Computing, AWS Nitro Enclaves, Google Confidential VMs
GDPR relevanceArt. 32(1)(a) encryption in processing; Art. 28 processor guarantees; protects against insider threats
Show full SKILL.md (451 more words)Show less

Use-Case Matching Matrix

Use CaseDPHESMPCFLZKPTEERecommended Primary
Aggregate analytics on customer data523213Differential Privacy
ML model training on distributed hospital data312513Federated Learning
Credit scoring without sharing financial records235223Secure MPC
Age verification without revealing date of birth111152Zero-Knowledge Proofs
Processing encrypted customer data in third-party cloud252114Homomorphic Encryption
Anti-money laundering across banks225323Secure MPC
Private genomic analysis343314HE + TEE combination
Confidential inference on cloud-hosted ML models242115Trusted Execution Environment
Privacy-preserving surveys and polls513121Differential Privacy
Secure keyword search on encrypted database141114Homomorphic Encryption

Scores: 1 = poor fit, 5 = excellent fit

PET Selection Decision Framework

Step 1: Define Privacy Requirements
  • What data protection principle is primary? (minimization, confidentiality, anonymization, unlinkability)
  • Is the goal to protect data in transit, at rest, or during processing?
  • Is the adversary model honest-but-curious or malicious?
  • Are there cross-organizational boundaries (multiple controllers/processors)?
Step 2: Assess Constraints
  • What is the acceptable performance overhead? (real-time vs batch)
  • What is the computational budget? (HE requires significantly more resources)
  • How many parties are involved? (SMPC scales with party count)
  • Is there a hardware trust anchor available? (TEE requires specific hardware)
  • What is the team's cryptographic engineering expertise?
Step 3: Evaluate Combinations

Many production deployments combine PETs for defense in depth:

CombinationBenefit
FL + DPFederated learning with differentially private gradient updates prevents gradient inversion attacks
FL + Secure AggregationAggregation server never sees individual gradients
HE + TEEProcess encrypted data inside an enclave for double protection
SMPC + DPAdd noise to SMPC outputs for formal anonymization guarantee
ZKP + TEEProve computation was performed correctly inside an enclave without revealing inputs
Step 4: GDPR Alignment Verification
  • Does the selected PET satisfy Article 25(1) data protection by design?
  • Does it implement a specific Article 32(1) security measure?
  • Does it support the data minimization principle under Article 5(1)(c)?
  • If anonymization is claimed, does it meet Recital 26 standards against singling out, linkability, and inference?
  • Is the PET's privacy guarantee documented sufficiently for DPIA (Article 35)?

Key Regulatory References

  • GDPR Article 25(1) — Data protection by design
  • GDPR Article 32(1)(a) — Encryption and pseudonymisation as security measures
  • GDPR Article 5(1)(c) — Data minimization principle
  • GDPR Recital 26 — Anonymous information
  • GDPR Recital 78 — Technical measures for data protection
  • ENISA Report: Data Protection Engineering (2022)
  • European Commission Communication on PETs (February 2025)
  • EDPB Guidelines 4/2019 on Article 25 Data Protection by Design and by Default

© mukul975, Apache-2.0. Rendered from Markdown: HTML in the file is shown as text, images as links, and headings moved down two levels. Raw file

Files

SKILL.md and 4 other files (scripts, references, assets) in skills/privacy/selecting-privacy-enhancing-technologies of mukul975/Privacy-Data-Protection-Skills.

  • SKILL.md
  • assets/template.md
  • references/standards.md
  • references/workflows.md
  • scripts/process.py

Open the folder on GitHubat commit 9b2ef9e

Compare with similar skills

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Selecting Privacy Enhancing Technologies compared with similar skills
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C15tc15t/c15t1.9k1 repos~1.6kAutomated safety check: PassApache-2.0
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Korean Privacy Termskimlawtech/korean-privacy-terms586—~2.9kAutomated safety check: PassApache-2.0
Gdpr ComplianceSushegaad/Claude-Skills-Governance-Risk-and-Compliance9431 repos~3.9kAutomated safety check: PassMIT

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Questions about Selecting Privacy Enhancing Technologies

What does Selecting Privacy Enhancing Technologies do?

Comprehensive PET selection guide covering differential privacy, homomorphic encryption, secure multi-party computation, federated learning, zero-knowledge proofs, and trusted execution environments. Selecting Privacy Enhancing Technologies is an agent skill from mukul975/Privacy-Data-Protection-Skills. Comprehensive PET selection guide covering differential privacy, homomorphic encryption, secure multi-party computation, federated learning, zero-knowledge proofs, and trusted execution environments.

When should I use Selecting Privacy Enhancing Technologies?

Selecting Privacy Enhancing Technologies fits situations like: tasks that involve Privacy and GDPR; tasks that involve Cryptography.

How do I install Selecting Privacy Enhancing Technologies in Claude Code?

Run `npx skills add mukul975/Privacy-Data-Protection-Skills --skill selecting-privacy-enhancing-technologies -a claude-code`. Or copy the skill folder (skills/privacy/selecting-privacy-enhancing-technologies in mukul975/Privacy-Data-Protection-Skills) into .claude/skills/selecting-privacy-enhancing-technologies in your project. Claude Code loads it when a task matches its description.

How do I install Selecting Privacy Enhancing Technologies in Codex?

Run `npx skills add mukul975/Privacy-Data-Protection-Skills --skill selecting-privacy-enhancing-technologies -a codex`. Or copy the skill folder (skills/privacy/selecting-privacy-enhancing-technologies in mukul975/Privacy-Data-Protection-Skills) into .agents/skills/selecting-privacy-enhancing-technologies in your project. Codex loads it when a task matches its description.

Can I use Selecting Privacy Enhancing Technologies in Cursor, Gemini CLI or GitHub Copilot?

Cursor, Gemini CLI, GitHub Copilot and OpenCode also load SKILL.md folders. With the skills CLI, run `npx skills add mukul975/Privacy-Data-Protection-Skills --skill selecting-privacy-enhancing-technologies -a cursor` (or -a gemini-cli, github-copilot or opencode for the others). To copy it by hand, put the folder in .cursor/skills/selecting-privacy-enhancing-technologies, .gemini/skills/selecting-privacy-enhancing-technologies, .github/skills/selecting-privacy-enhancing-technologies and .opencode/skills/selecting-privacy-enhancing-technologies in your project.

What does Selecting Privacy Enhancing Technologies need to run?

Going by SKILL.md and its folder, Selecting Privacy Enhancing Technologies needs Python for the scripts in its folder. Our summary lists: Python 3.

Does Selecting Privacy Enhancing Technologies access the network?

SKILL.md contains no URLs. Any network use would come from the scripts or tools the agent runs. This is read from the text; nothing was executed.

Is Selecting Privacy Enhancing Technologies safe to install?

Our automated static check of SKILL.md found no risky patterns, such as piping downloads into a shell, reading credential files or hidden Unicode. It is not a guarantee. The check reads SKILL.md only: the scripts in the folder are not scanned, so read them before running anything.

What licence does Selecting Privacy Enhancing Technologies use?

Selecting Privacy Enhancing Technologies is published under the Apache-2.0 licence (declared in SKILL.md). It allows redistribution, so the full SKILL.md is shown on this page.

How many tokens does Selecting Privacy Enhancing Technologies use?

About 2.6k tokens (SKILL.md is roughly 10k characters). Agents keep only the skill's name and description in context until a task matches; then they load SKILL.md in full. Its references folder adds about 2.3k tokens, read only when the agent opens those files.

What are the alternatives to Selecting Privacy Enhancing Technologies?

Skills that share tags, products or a category with Selecting Privacy Enhancing Technologies: Data Protection And Encryption (cbrock84/headcount, 2k stars), C15t (c15t/c15t, 1.9k stars), HIPAA Safe Harbor Coverage Audit (maziyarpanahi/openmed, 5.5k stars) and Korean Privacy Terms (kimlawtech/korean-privacy-terms, 586 stars). The comparison table on this page puts their stars, adoption, token cost, safety result and licence side by side.

Who maintains Selecting Privacy Enhancing Technologies?

mukul975 (a GitHub user) maintains it in mukul975/Privacy-Data-Protection-Skills, which has 297 GitHub stars. The repository holds 280 skills in this directory. The repository was last updated on March 16, 2026.

Source: mukul975/Privacy-Data-Protection-Skills on GitHub. Facts on this page come from the repository at the commit we read; the author's words are quoted as theirs.