Unit Test Utility Methods

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.*;

class StringUtilsTest {

    @Test
    void shouldCapitalizeFirstLetter() {
        assertThat(StringUtils.capitalize("hello")).isEqualTo("Hello");
    }

    @Test
    void shouldReturnNullForNullInput() {
        assertThat(StringUtils.capitalize(null)).isNull();
    }

    @Test
    void shouldHandleEmptyString() {
        assertThat(StringUtils.capitalize("")).isEmpty();
    }

    @Test
    void shouldHandleSingleCharacter() {
        assertThat(StringUtils.capitalize("a")).isEqualTo("A");
    }
}

// Input: public static boolean isEmpty(String str)
//   { return str == null || str.trim().isEmpty(); }

class StringUtilsTest {

    @Test
    void shouldReturnTrueForNullString() {
        assertThat(StringUtils.isEmpty(null)).isTrue();
    }

    @Test
    void shouldReturnTrueForEmptyString() {
        assertThat(StringUtils.isEmpty("")).isTrue();
    }

    @Test
    void shouldReturnTrueForWhitespaceOnly() {
        assertThat(StringUtils.isEmpty("   ")).isTrue();
    }

    @Test
    void shouldReturnFalseForNonEmptyString() {
        assertThat(StringUtils.isEmpty("hello")).isFalse();
    }
}

class NullSafeUtilsTest {

    @Test
    void shouldReturnDefaultWhenNull() {
        assertThat(NullSafeUtils.getOrDefault(null, "default")).isEqualTo("default");
    }

    @Test
    void shouldReturnValueWhenNotNull() {
        assertThat(NullSafeUtils.getOrDefault("value", "default")).isEqualTo("value");
    }

    @Test
    void shouldReturnFalseWhenBlank() {
        assertThat(NullSafeUtils.isNotBlank(null)).isFalse();
        assertThat(NullSafeUtils.isNotBlank("   ")).isFalse();
    }
}

class MathUtilsTest {

    @Test
    void shouldCalculatePercentage() {
        assertThat(MathUtils.percentage(25, 100)).isEqualTo(25.0);
    }

    @Test
    void shouldHandleZeroDivisor() {
        assertThat(MathUtils.percentage(50, 0)).isZero();
    }

    @Test
    void shouldRoundToDecimalPlaces() {
        assertThat(MathUtils.round(3.14159, 2)).isEqualTo(3.14);
    }

    @Test
    void shouldHandleFloatingPointWithTolerance() {
        assertThat(MathUtils.multiply(0.1, 0.2))
            .isCloseTo(0.02, within(0.0001));
    }
}

class CollectionUtilsTest {

    @Test
    void shouldFilterList() {
        List<Integer> result = CollectionUtils.filter(List.of(1, 2, 3, 4), n -> n % 2 == 0);
        assertThat(result).containsExactly(2, 4);
    }

    @Test
    void shouldHandleNullList() {
        assertThat(CollectionUtils.filter(null, n -> true)).isEmpty();
    }

    @Test
    void shouldJoinWithSeparator() {
        assertThat(CollectionUtils.join(List.of("a", "b", "c"), "-")).isEqualTo("a-b-c");
    }

    @Test
    void shouldDeduplicateList() {
        assertThat(CollectionUtils.deduplicate(List.of("a", "b", "a")))
            .containsExactlyInAnyOrder("a", "b");
    }
}

class ValidatorUtilsTest {

    @Test
    void shouldValidateEmailFormat() {
        assertThat(ValidatorUtils.isValidEmail("user@example.com")).isTrue();
        assertThat(ValidatorUtils.isValidEmail("invalid")).isFalse();
    }

    @Test
    void shouldValidateUrlFormat() {
        assertThat(ValidatorUtils.isValidUrl("https://example.com")).isTrue();
        assertThat(ValidatorUtils.isValidUrl("not a url")).isFalse();
    }

    @Test
    void shouldValidateCreditCard() {
        assertThat(ValidatorUtils.isValidCreditCard("4532015112830366")).isTrue();
        assertThat(ValidatorUtils.isValidCreditCard("1234567890123456")).isFalse();
    }
}

@ExtendWith(MockitoExtension.class)
class DateUtilsTest {

    @Mock
    private Clock clock;

    @Test
    void shouldGetDateFromClock() {
        when(clock.instant()).thenReturn(Instant.parse("2024-01-15T10:00:00Z"));
        assertThat(DateUtils.today(clock)).isEqualTo(LocalDate.of(2024, 1, 15));
    }
}