Ffmpeg

ffmpeg -i input.mkv -c copy output.mp4

ffmpeg -i input.avi -c:v libx264 -c:a aac output.mp4

# H.264 encoding (CRF 23 = default, 17-28 recommended range)
ffmpeg -i input.mkv -c:v libx264 -preset slow -crf 22 -c:a copy output.mp4

# H.265 encoding (higher compression)
ffmpeg -i input.mkv -c:v libx265 -preset medium -crf 24 -c:a copy output.mp4

# VP9 encoding (WebM)
ffmpeg -i input.mkv -c:v libvpx-vp9 -crf 30 -b:v 0 -c:a libopus output.webm

# Pass 1 (analysis)
ffmpeg -y -i input.mkv -c:v libx264 -b:v 2600k -pass 1 -an -f null /dev/null

# Pass 2 (encoding)
ffmpeg -i input.mkv -c:v libx264 -b:v 2600k -pass 2 -c:a aac -b:a 128k output.mp4

ffmpeg -i video.mp4 -vn -c:a copy audio.m4a

ffmpeg -i video.mp4 -vn -q:a 0 audio.mp3

ffmpeg -i video.mp4 -vn -c:a libmp3lame -b:a 192k audio.mp3

ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vf scale=1280:720 output.mp4

# Width 1280, height auto-calculated
ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vf scale=1280:-1 output.mp4

# Height 720, width auto-calculated
ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vf scale=-1:720 output.mp4

ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vf scale=iw/2:ih/2 output.mp4

ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -ss 00:01:30 -to 00:03:00 -c copy output.mp4

ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -ss 00:01:30 -t 00:01:30 -c:v libx264 -c:a aac output.mp4

file 'input1.mp4'
file 'input2.mp4'
file 'input3.mp4'

ffmpeg -f concat -safe 0 -i concat.txt -c copy output.mp4

ffmpeg -i input1.mp4 -i input2.mp4 -i input3.mp4 \
  -filter_complex "[0:v][0:a][1:v][1:a][2:v][2:a]concat=n=3:v=1:a=1[v][a]" \
  -map "[v]" -map "[a]" output.mp4

ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vf "scale=1280:720,hqdn3d" output.mp4

ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vf hqdn3d output.mp4

ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vf yadif output.mp4

# Crop to 1280x720 from top-left (0,0)
ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vf "crop=1280:720:0:0" output.mp4

# Auto-detect and remove black borders
ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vf "cropdetect" output.mp4

# Rotate 90 degrees clockwise
ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vf "transpose=1" output.mp4

# Rotate 180 degrees
ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vf "transpose=1,transpose=1" output.mp4

ffmpeg -i video.mp4 -i logo.png \
  -filter_complex "overlay=10:10" output.mp4

# 2x speed
ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vf "setpts=0.5*PTS" -af "atempo=2.0" output.mp4

# 0.5x speed (slow motion)
ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vf "setpts=2.0*PTS" -af "atempo=0.5" output.mp4

# Increase volume by 10dB
ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -af "volume=10dB" output.mp4

# Set to 50% volume
ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -af "volume=0.5" output.mp4

ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -af loudnorm output.mp4

ffmpeg -i audio1.mp3 -i audio2.mp3 \
  -filter_complex "[0][1]acrossfade=d=5" output.mp3

ffmpeg -i input1.mp3 -i input2.mp3 \
  -filter_complex "[0:a][1:a]amix=inputs=2:duration=longest" output.mp3

ffmpeg -re -i input.mp4 -c:v libx264 -preset veryfast \
  -maxrate 3000k -bufsize 6000k -pix_fmt yuv420p -g 50 \
  -c:a aac -b:a 128k -ar 44100 \
  -f flv rtmp://live.twitch.tv/app/YOUR_STREAM_KEY

ffmpeg -f x11grab -s 1920x1080 -framerate 30 -i :0.0 \
  -f pulse -ac 2 -i default \
  -c:v libx264 -preset veryfast -tune zerolatency \
  -maxrate 2500k -bufsize 5000k -pix_fmt yuv420p \
  -c:a aac -b:a 128k -ar 44100 \
  -f flv rtmp://live.twitch.tv/app/YOUR_STREAM_KEY

ffmpeg -f dshow -i video="screen-capture-recorder":audio="Stereo Mix" \
  -c:v libx264 -preset ultrafast -tune zerolatency \
  -maxrate 750k -bufsize 3000k \
  -f flv rtmp://live.twitch.tv/app/YOUR_STREAM_KEY

ffmpeg -i input.mp4 \
  -c:v libx264 -preset fast -crf 22 -g 48 -sc_threshold 0 \
  -c:a aac -b:a 128k \
  -f hls -hls_time 6 -hls_playlist_type vod \
  -hls_segment_filename "segment_%03d.ts" \
  playlist.m3u8

ffmpeg -i input.mp4 \
  -map 0:v -map 0:a -map 0:v -map 0:a \
  -c:v libx264 -crf 22 -c:a aac -b:a 128k \
  -b:v:0 2000k -s:v:0 1280x720 -b:v:1 5000k -s:v:1 1920x1080 \
  -var_stream_map "v:0,a:0 v:1,a:1" \
  -master_pl_name master.m3u8 \
  -f hls -hls_time 6 -hls_list_size 0 \
  stream_%v/index.m3u8

ffmpeg -re -i input.mp4 -c copy -f mpegts udp://192.168.1.100:1234

ffmpeg -re -i audio.mp3 -c:a libopus -f rtp rtp://192.168.1.100:5004

# H.264 with NVENC
ffmpeg -hwaccel cuda -i input.mp4 -c:v h264_nvenc -preset fast -crf 22 output.mp4

# H.265 with NVENC
ffmpeg -hwaccel cuda -i input.mp4 -c:v hevc_nvenc -preset fast -crf 24 output.mp4

ffmpeg -hwaccel qsv -c:v h264_qsv -i input.mp4 \
  -c:v h264_qsv -preset fast -global_quality 22 output.mp4

ffmpeg -hwaccel auto -i input.mp4 \
  -c:v h264_amf -quality balanced -rc cqp -qp 22 output.mp4

# Detailed information
ffprobe -v quiet -print_format json -show_format -show_streams input.mp4

# Human-readable format
ffprobe input.mp4

# Get duration
ffprobe -v error -show_entries format=duration \
  -of default=noprint_wrappers=1:nokey=1 input.mp4

# Get resolution
ffprobe -v error -select_streams v:0 \
  -show_entries stream=width,height \
  -of csv=s=x:p=0 input.mp4

# Get bitrate
ffprobe -v error -show_entries format=bit_rate \
  -of default=noprint_wrappers=1:nokey=1 input.mp4

# Convert all MKV files to MP4
for file in *.mkv; do
  ffmpeg -i "$file" -c:v libx264 -crf 22 -c:a aac "${file%.mkv}.mp4"
done

# Resize all videos to 720p
for file in *.mp4; do
  ffmpeg -i "$file" -vf scale=-1:720 "720p_${file}"
done

# Install: sudo apt-get install parallel

# Process multiple files in parallel
ls *.mkv | parallel ffmpeg -i {} -c:v libx264 -crf 22 -c:a aac {.}.mp4

# High quality GIF
ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vf "fps=15,scale=640:-1:flags=lanczos,split[s0][s1];[s0]palettegen[p];[s1][p]paletteuse" output.gif

# Simple GIF
ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vf "fps=10,scale=320:-1" output.gif

# Extract all frames
ffmpeg -i input.mp4 frame_%04d.png

# Extract 1 frame per second
ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vf fps=1 frame_%04d.png

# Extract single frame at 5 seconds
ffmpeg -ss 00:00:05 -i input.mp4 -frames:v 1 frame.png

# From numbered images
ffmpeg -framerate 30 -i frame_%04d.png -c:v libx264 -crf 22 -pix_fmt yuv420p output.mp4

# From pattern
ffmpeg -framerate 24 -pattern_type glob -i '*.png' -c:v libx264 output.mp4

# Burn subtitles into video
ffmpeg -i video.mp4 -vf subtitles=subtitles.srt output.mp4

# Embed subtitle track (soft subtitles)
ffmpeg -i video.mp4 -i subtitles.srt -c copy -c:s mov_text output.mp4

ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -an -c:v copy output.mp4

ffmpeg -i video.mp4 -i audio.mp3 -c:v copy -c:a aac -map 0:v:0 -map 1:a:0 output.mp4

# Single thumbnail at 5 seconds
ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -ss 00:00:05 -vframes 1 -vf scale=320:-1 thumb.jpg

# Multiple thumbnails (one per minute)
ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vf fps=1/60,scale=320:-1 thumb_%03d.jpg