Agent skill

Locational Marginal Prices

by benchflow-ai in benchflow-ai/skillsbench

Extract locational marginal prices (LMPs) from DC-OPF solutions using dual values.

Apache-2.0Auto-check passed

Install Locational Marginal Prices

skills CLI

$ npx skills add benchflow-ai/skillsbench --skill locational-marginal-prices -a claude-code

Project install by default; add -g for ~/.claude/skills/.

GitHub CLI

$ gh skill install benchflow-ai/skillsbench locational-marginal-prices --agent claude-code

Project scope by default; add --scope user for a personal install. Needs GitHub CLI 2.90.0 or later (public preview).

Manual copy

$ git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/benchflow-ai/skillsbench.git skills-src && mkdir -p .claude/skills && cp -r skills-src/tasks/energy-market-pricing/environment/skills/locational-marginal-prices .claude/skills/locational-marginal-prices && rm -rf skills-src

Use ~/.claude/skills/ instead of .claude/skills for a personal install. The folder must contain SKILL.md.

Claude Code skills documentation · loads skills from .claude/skills/

Paste into Claude Code

Install the "locational-marginal-prices" agent skill from https://github.com/benchflow-ai/skillsbench/tree/main/tasks/energy-market-pricing/environment/skills/locational-marginal-prices into .claude/skills/locational-marginal-prices/ in this project. Copy the whole folder (SKILL.md and every file beside it), keep the folder name "locational-marginal-prices", then confirm the skill loads.

Claude Code copies the folder itself, the same result as the manual copy. Check what it changed before you commit it.

$skill-installer

$skill-installer install https://github.com/benchflow-ai/skillsbench/tree/main/tasks/energy-market-pricing/environment/skills/locational-marginal-prices

Type this inside Codex. $skill-installer <name> installs a curated skill from openai/skills. The installer writes to $CODEX_HOME/skills (default ~/.codex/skills). Restart Codex if the skill does not show up.

skills CLI

$ npx skills add benchflow-ai/skillsbench --skill locational-marginal-prices -a codex

Project install goes to .agents/skills/; add -g for ~/.codex/skills/.

GitHub CLI

$ gh skill install benchflow-ai/skillsbench locational-marginal-prices --agent codex

Project scope by default (.agents/skills/); add --scope user for a personal install.

Manual copy

$ git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/benchflow-ai/skillsbench.git skills-src && mkdir -p .agents/skills && cp -r skills-src/tasks/energy-market-pricing/environment/skills/locational-marginal-prices .agents/skills/locational-marginal-prices && rm -rf skills-src

Use ~/.agents/skills/ instead of .agents/skills for a personal install.

Codex skills documentation · loads skills from .agents/skills/

Paste into Codex

Install the "locational-marginal-prices" agent skill from https://github.com/benchflow-ai/skillsbench/tree/main/tasks/energy-market-pricing/environment/skills/locational-marginal-prices into .agents/skills/locational-marginal-prices/ in this project. Copy the whole folder (SKILL.md and every file beside it), keep the folder name "locational-marginal-prices", then confirm the skill loads.

Codex copies the folder itself, the same result as the manual copy. Check what it changed before you commit it.

skills CLI

$ npx skills add benchflow-ai/skillsbench --skill locational-marginal-prices -a cursor

Project install goes to .agents/skills/; add -g for ~/.cursor/skills/.

GitHub CLI

$ gh skill install benchflow-ai/skillsbench locational-marginal-prices --agent cursor

Project scope by default (.agents/skills/); add --scope user for a personal install.

Manual copy

$ git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/benchflow-ai/skillsbench.git skills-src && mkdir -p .cursor/skills && cp -r skills-src/tasks/energy-market-pricing/environment/skills/locational-marginal-prices .cursor/skills/locational-marginal-prices && rm -rf skills-src

Use ~/.cursor/skills/ instead of .cursor/skills for a personal install.

Cursor skills documentation · loads skills from .cursor/skills/, .agents/skills/, .claude/skills/, .codex/skills/

Paste into Cursor

Install the "locational-marginal-prices" agent skill from https://github.com/benchflow-ai/skillsbench/tree/main/tasks/energy-market-pricing/environment/skills/locational-marginal-prices into .cursor/skills/locational-marginal-prices/ in this project. Copy the whole folder (SKILL.md and every file beside it), keep the folder name "locational-marginal-prices", then confirm the skill loads.

Cursor copies the folder itself, the same result as the manual copy. Check what it changed before you commit it.

gemini skills install

$ gemini skills install https://github.com/benchflow-ai/skillsbench.git --path tasks/energy-market-pricing/environment/skills/locational-marginal-prices

--scope user (default) or --scope workspace; --path is the subfolder of the repo that holds the skill; --consent skips the security confirmation prompt.

skills CLI

$ npx skills add benchflow-ai/skillsbench --skill locational-marginal-prices -a gemini-cli

Project install goes to .agents/skills/; add -g for ~/.gemini/skills/.

GitHub CLI

$ gh skill install benchflow-ai/skillsbench locational-marginal-prices --agent gemini-cli

Project scope by default (.agents/skills/); add --scope user for a personal install.

Manual copy

$ git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/benchflow-ai/skillsbench.git skills-src && mkdir -p .gemini/skills && cp -r skills-src/tasks/energy-market-pricing/environment/skills/locational-marginal-prices .gemini/skills/locational-marginal-prices && rm -rf skills-src

Use ~/.gemini/skills/ instead of .gemini/skills for a personal install, then run /skills reload.

Gemini CLI skills documentation · loads skills from .gemini/skills/, .agents/skills/

Paste into Gemini CLI

Install the "locational-marginal-prices" agent skill from https://github.com/benchflow-ai/skillsbench/tree/main/tasks/energy-market-pricing/environment/skills/locational-marginal-prices into .gemini/skills/locational-marginal-prices/ in this project. Copy the whole folder (SKILL.md and every file beside it), keep the folder name "locational-marginal-prices", then confirm the skill loads.

Gemini CLI copies the folder itself, the same result as the manual copy. Check what it changed before you commit it.

GitHub CLI

$ gh skill install benchflow-ai/skillsbench locational-marginal-prices

Installs for Copilot at project scope by default; add --scope user for a personal install. Preview a skill first with gh skill preview. Needs GitHub CLI 2.90.0 or later (public preview).

skills CLI

$ npx skills add benchflow-ai/skillsbench --skill locational-marginal-prices -a github-copilot

Project install goes to .agents/skills/; add -g for ~/.copilot/skills/.

Manual copy

$ git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/benchflow-ai/skillsbench.git skills-src && mkdir -p .github/skills && cp -r skills-src/tasks/energy-market-pricing/environment/skills/locational-marginal-prices .github/skills/locational-marginal-prices && rm -rf skills-src

Use ~/.copilot/skills/ instead of .github/skills for a personal install. Commit .github/skills so cloud agent and code review can use it.

GitHub Copilot skills documentation · loads skills from .github/skills/, .claude/skills/, .agents/skills/

Paste into GitHub Copilot

Install the "locational-marginal-prices" agent skill from https://github.com/benchflow-ai/skillsbench/tree/main/tasks/energy-market-pricing/environment/skills/locational-marginal-prices into .github/skills/locational-marginal-prices/ in this project. Copy the whole folder (SKILL.md and every file beside it), keep the folder name "locational-marginal-prices", then confirm the skill loads.

GitHub Copilot copies the folder itself, the same result as the manual copy. Check what it changed before you commit it.

skills CLI

$ npx skills add benchflow-ai/skillsbench --skill locational-marginal-prices -a opencode

OpenCode documents no install command of its own. Project install goes to .agents/skills/; add -g for ~/.config/opencode/skills/.

GitHub CLI

$ gh skill install benchflow-ai/skillsbench locational-marginal-prices --agent opencode

Project scope by default (.agents/skills/); add --scope user for a personal install.

Manual copy

$ git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/benchflow-ai/skillsbench.git skills-src && mkdir -p .opencode/skills && cp -r skills-src/tasks/energy-market-pricing/environment/skills/locational-marginal-prices .opencode/skills/locational-marginal-prices && rm -rf skills-src

Use ~/.config/opencode/skills/ instead of .opencode/skills for a personal install.

OpenCode skills documentation · loads skills from .opencode/skills/, .claude/skills/, .agents/skills/

Paste into OpenCode

Install the "locational-marginal-prices" agent skill from https://github.com/benchflow-ai/skillsbench/tree/main/tasks/energy-market-pricing/environment/skills/locational-marginal-prices into .opencode/skills/locational-marginal-prices/ in this project. Copy the whole folder (SKILL.md and every file beside it), keep the folder name "locational-marginal-prices", then confirm the skill loads.

OpenCode copies the folder itself, the same result as the manual copy. Check what it changed before you commit it.

Facts

Skill name: locational-marginal-prices
GitHub stars: 1.8k
Token cost: ~1.2k tokens
SKILL.md length: 283 words
Files: 1
Skills in repo: 189
Repo updated: Jul 23, 2026
First seen: Oct 7, 2026
Licence: Apache-2.0

At a glance

Extract locational marginal prices (LMPs) from DC-OPF solutions using dual values.

Works in 3 steps: Store references to the balance… → Solve the problem → Read the dual values after solving
Computing nodal electricity prices
SKILL.md covers LMP Extraction from CVXPY, LMP Sign Convention, Reserve Clearing Price and Finding Binding Lines, plus 1 more section
Instructions only: no scripts, shell commands, URLs or credentials in SKILL.md

What it does

Locational Marginal Prices is an agent skill from benchflow-ai/skillsbench. Extract locational marginal prices (LMPs) from DC-OPF solutions using dual values. Use when computing nodal electricity prices, reserve clearing prices, or performing price impact analysis.

Its SKILL.md is about 1.2k tokens, which your agent loads only when the skill is triggered. It is a single SKILL.md file with no bundled scripts.

The repository describes itself as: SkillsBench evaluates how well skills work and how effective agents are at using them. The licence is Apache-2.0.

When your agent uses it

Computing nodal electricity prices
Reserve clearing prices
Performing price impact analysis

Example prompts

“/locational-marginal-prices”

Requirements

Python 3

Workflow steps

3 steps, taken from the first numbered list in SKILL.md.

Store references to the balance constraints
Solve the problem
Read the dual values after solving

What it can do on your machine

Read from SKILL.md and the folder at commit 9a1f4dd. It shows what the files ask for, not the result of running them.

Tool permissions
Pre-approves nothing: there is no allowed-tools line, so your agent's usual permission prompts apply.
From allowed-tools in the SKILL.md frontmatter.
Runs code
No scripts in the folder and no shell commands in SKILL.md (its code samples are python).
From the folder's file list and the shell code blocks in SKILL.md.
Network
No URLs in SKILL.md.
From URLs in SKILL.md, links to its own repository left out.
Credentials
Names no API keys, tokens, secrets or passwords.
From names ending in _API_KEY, _TOKEN, _SECRET, _KEY or _PASSWORD in SKILL.md.

Context cost

Locational Marginal Prices loads about 1.2k tokens when it runs. Until then it costs about 54 tokens; SKILL.md has 283 words of instructions outside code blocks.

Always · name and description, kept in context so the agent knows when to use it: ~54
When it runs · the whole SKILL.md, loaded when a task matches: ~1.2k

Estimates: characters ÷ 4, the usual rule of thumb; real counts depend on the model's tokenizer. Scripts and assets cost tokens only if the agent reads them.

Safety

Auto-check passed

The automated check found no risky patterns in SKILL.md.

Automated static check — not a guarantee. Review scripts before installing. It scans the text of SKILL.md for risky patterns (piping downloads into a shell, reading credential files, hidden Unicode, destructive commands); files beside SKILL.md are not scanned.

SKILL.md

The full file from benchflow-ai/skillsbench at commit 9a1f4dd, republished under its Apache-2.0 licence (© benchflow-ai). 283 words, ~1,184 tokens.

Download SKILL.mdSave it as .claude/skills/locational-marginal-prices/SKILL.md (or your agent's skills folder).

name: locational-marginal-prices
description: Extract locational marginal prices (LMPs) from DC-OPF solutions using dual values. Use when computing nodal electricity prices, reserve clearing prices, or performing price impact analysis.

Locational Marginal Prices (LMPs)

LMPs are the marginal cost of serving one additional MW of load at each bus. In optimization terms, they are the dual values (shadow prices) of the nodal power balance constraints.

LMP Extraction from CVXPY

To extract LMPs, you must:

Store references to the balance constraints
Solve the problem
Read the dual values after solving

python

import cvxpy as cp

# Store balance constraints separately for dual extraction
balance_constraints = []

for i in range(n_bus):
    pg_at_bus = sum(Pg[g] for g in range(n_gen) if gen_bus[g] == i)
    pd = buses[i, 2] / baseMVA

    # Create constraint and store reference
    balance_con = pg_at_bus - pd == B[i, :] @ theta
    balance_constraints.append(balance_con)
    constraints.append(balance_con)

# Solve
prob = cp.Problem(cp.Minimize(cost), constraints)
prob.solve(solver=cp.CLARABEL)

# Extract LMPs from duals
lmp_by_bus = []
for i in range(n_bus):
    bus_num = int(buses[i, 0])
    dual_val = balance_constraints[i].dual_value

    # Scale: constraint is in per-unit, multiply by baseMVA to get $/MWh
    lmp = float(dual_val) * baseMVA if dual_val is not None else 0.0
    lmp_by_bus.append({
        "bus": bus_num,
        "lmp_dollars_per_MWh": round(lmp, 2)
    })

LMP Sign Convention

For a balance constraint written as generation - load == net_export:

Positive LMP: Increasing load at that bus increases total cost (typical case)
Negative LMP: Increasing load at that bus decreases total cost

Negative LMPs commonly occur when:

Cheap generation is trapped behind a congested line (can't export power)
Adding load at that bus relieves congestion by consuming local excess generation
The magnitude can be very large in heavily congested networks (thousands of $/MWh)

Negative LMPs are physically valid and expected in congested systems — they are not errors.

Reserve Clearing Price

The reserve MCP is the dual of the system reserve requirement constraint:

python

# Store reference to reserve constraint
reserve_con = cp.sum(Rg) >= reserve_requirement
constraints.append(reserve_con)

# After solving:
reserve_mcp = float(reserve_con.dual_value) if reserve_con.dual_value is not None else 0.0

The reserve MCP represents the marginal cost of providing one additional MW of reserve capacity system-wide.

Finding Binding Lines

Lines at or near thermal limits (≥99% loading) cause congestion and LMP separation. See the dc-power-flow skill for line flow calculation details.

python

BINDING_THRESHOLD = 99.0  # Percent loading

binding_lines = []
for k, br in enumerate(branches):
    f = bus_num_to_idx[int(br[0])]
    t = bus_num_to_idx[int(br[1])]
    x, rate = br[3], br[5]

    if x != 0 and rate > 0:
        b = 1.0 / x
        flow_MW = b * (theta.value[f] - theta.value[t]) * baseMVA
        loading_pct = abs(flow_MW) / rate * 100

        if loading_pct >= BINDING_THRESHOLD:
            binding_lines.append({
                "from": int(br[0]),
                "to": int(br[1]),
                "flow_MW": round(float(flow_MW), 2),
                "limit_MW": round(float(rate), 2)
            })

Counterfactual Analysis

To analyze the impact of relaxing a transmission constraint:

Solve base case — record costs, LMPs, and binding lines
Modify constraint — e.g., increase a line's thermal limit
Solve counterfactual — with the relaxed constraint
Compute impact — compare costs and LMPs

python

# Modify line limit (e.g., increase by 20%)
for k in range(n_branch):
    br_from, br_to = int(branches[k, 0]), int(branches[k, 1])
    if (br_from == target_from and br_to == target_to) or \
       (br_from == target_to and br_to == target_from):
        branches[k, 5] *= 1.20  # 20% increase
        break

# After solving both cases:
cost_reduction = base_cost - cf_cost  # Should be >= 0

# LMP changes per bus
for bus_num in base_lmp_map:
    delta = cf_lmp_map[bus_num] - base_lmp_map[bus_num]
    # Negative delta = price decreased (congestion relieved)

# Congestion relieved if line was binding in base but not in counterfactual
congestion_relieved = was_binding_in_base and not is_binding_in_cf

Economic Intuition

Relaxing a binding constraint cannot increase cost (may decrease or stay same)
Cost reduction quantifies the shadow price of the constraint
LMP convergence after relieving congestion indicates reduced price separation

Files

Just SKILL.md in tasks/energy-market-pricing/environment/skills/locational-marginal-prices of benchflow-ai/skillsbench.

Open the folder on GitHubat commit 9a1f4dd

Compare with similar skills

Locational Marginal Prices next to the 5 skills that share the most tags, products or categories with it. Stars are the repository's; “used in” counts other GitHub owners with a copy.

Locational Marginal Prices compared with similar skills
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Pricingsickn33/agentic-awesome-skills	47k	1 repos	~1.9k	Automated safety check: Pass	MIT	2 days ago
Pricing Strategyphuryn/pm-skills	27k	—	~913	Automated safety check: Pass	MIT	yesterday
Pricing Strategyalirezarezvani/claude-skills	28k	1 repos	~3.5k	Automated safety check: Pass	MIT	1 mo ago
Extractalirezarezvani/claude-skills	28k	—	~1.4k	Automated safety check: Pass	MIT	1 mo ago
Pricing Strategistalirezarezvani/claude-skills	28k	—	~2.3k	Automated safety check: Pass	MIT	1 mo ago

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Questions about Locational Marginal Prices

What does Locational Marginal Prices do?

Extract locational marginal prices (LMPs) from DC-OPF solutions using dual values. Locational Marginal Prices is an agent skill from benchflow-ai/skillsbench. Extract locational marginal prices (LMPs) from DC-OPF solutions using dual values.

When should I use Locational Marginal Prices?

Locational Marginal Prices fits situations like: computing nodal electricity prices; reserve clearing prices; performing price impact analysis.

How do I install Locational Marginal Prices in Claude Code?

Run `npx skills add benchflow-ai/skillsbench --skill locational-marginal-prices -a claude-code`. Or copy the skill folder (tasks/energy-market-pricing/environment/skills/locational-marginal-prices in benchflow-ai/skillsbench) into .claude/skills/locational-marginal-prices in your project. Claude Code loads it when a task matches its description.

How do I install Locational Marginal Prices in Codex?

Run `npx skills add benchflow-ai/skillsbench --skill locational-marginal-prices -a codex`. Or copy the skill folder (tasks/energy-market-pricing/environment/skills/locational-marginal-prices in benchflow-ai/skillsbench) into .agents/skills/locational-marginal-prices in your project. Codex loads it when a task matches its description.

Can I use Locational Marginal Prices in Cursor, Gemini CLI or GitHub Copilot?

Cursor, Gemini CLI, GitHub Copilot and OpenCode also load SKILL.md folders. With the skills CLI, run `npx skills add benchflow-ai/skillsbench --skill locational-marginal-prices -a cursor` (or -a gemini-cli, github-copilot or opencode for the others). To copy it by hand, put the folder in .cursor/skills/locational-marginal-prices, .gemini/skills/locational-marginal-prices, .github/skills/locational-marginal-prices and .opencode/skills/locational-marginal-prices in your project.

What does Locational Marginal Prices need to run?

SKILL.md names no scripts, command-line tools or credentials: Locational Marginal Prices is instructions for the agent only. Our summary lists: Python 3.

Does Locational Marginal Prices access the network?

SKILL.md contains no URLs. Any network use would come from the scripts or tools the agent runs. This is read from the text; nothing was executed.

Is Locational Marginal Prices safe to install?

Our automated static check of SKILL.md found no risky patterns, such as piping downloads into a shell, reading credential files or hidden Unicode. It is not a guarantee. Review the folder before installing.

What licence does Locational Marginal Prices use?

Locational Marginal Prices is published under the Apache-2.0 licence (the repository's licence). It allows redistribution, so the full SKILL.md is shown on this page.

How many tokens does Locational Marginal Prices use?

About 1.2k tokens (SKILL.md is roughly 4.7k characters). Agents keep only the skill's name and description in context until a task matches; then they load SKILL.md in full.

What are the alternatives to Locational Marginal Prices?

Skills that share tags, products or a category with Locational Marginal Prices: Pricing (sickn33/agentic-awesome-skills, 47k stars), Pricing Strategy (phuryn/pm-skills, 27k stars), Pricing Strategy (alirezarezvani/claude-skills, 28k stars) and Extract (alirezarezvani/claude-skills, 28k stars). The comparison table on this page puts their stars, adoption, token cost, safety result and licence side by side.

Who maintains Locational Marginal Prices?

benchflow-ai (a GitHub organization) maintains it in benchflow-ai/skillsbench, which has 1,835 GitHub stars. The repository holds 189 skills in this directory. The repository was last updated on July 23, 2026.

Source: benchflow-ai/skillsbench on GitHub. Facts on this page come from the repository at the commit we read; the author's words are quoted as theirs.

Install Locational Marginal Prices

Facts

At a glance

What it does

When your agent uses it

Example prompts

Requirements

Workflow steps

What it can do on your machine

Tool permissions

Runs code

Network

Credentials

Context cost

Safety

SKILL.md

Locational Marginal Prices (LMPs)

LMP Extraction from CVXPY

LMP Sign Convention

Reserve Clearing Price

Finding Binding Lines

Counterfactual Analysis

Economic Intuition

Files

Compare with similar skills

Similar skills

More from benchflow-ai/skillsbench

Questions about Locational Marginal Prices