Intl Expansion
borghei/Claude-Skills
International market expansion strategy for scaling companies.
Apply the Uppsala Internationalization Model to analyze gradual foreign market entry based on psychic distance and experiential learning.
Install Grad Uppsala
$ npx skills add asgard-ai-platform/skills --skill grad-uppsala -a claude-codeProject install by default; add -g for ~/.claude/skills/.
$ gh skill install asgard-ai-platform/skills grad-uppsala --agent claude-codeProject scope by default; add --scope user for a personal install. Needs GitHub CLI 2.90.0 or later (public preview).
$ git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/asgard-ai-platform/skills.git skills-src && mkdir -p .claude/skills && cp -r skills-src/grad-uppsala .claude/skills/grad-uppsala && rm -rf skills-srcUse ~/.claude/skills/ instead of .claude/skills for a personal install. The folder must contain SKILL.md.
Claude Code skills documentation · loads skills from .claude/skills/
Install the "grad-uppsala" agent skill from https://github.com/asgard-ai-platform/skills/tree/main/grad-uppsala into .claude/skills/grad-uppsala/ in this project. Copy the whole folder (SKILL.md and every file beside it), keep the folder name "grad-uppsala", then confirm the skill loads.Claude Code copies the folder itself, the same result as the manual copy. Check what it changed before you commit it.
$skill-installer install https://github.com/asgard-ai-platform/skills/tree/main/grad-uppsalaType this inside Codex. $skill-installer <name> installs a curated skill from openai/skills. The installer writes to $CODEX_HOME/skills (default ~/.codex/skills). Restart Codex if the skill does not show up.
$ npx skills add asgard-ai-platform/skills --skill grad-uppsala -a codexProject install goes to .agents/skills/; add -g for ~/.codex/skills/.
$ gh skill install asgard-ai-platform/skills grad-uppsala --agent codexProject scope by default (.agents/skills/); add --scope user for a personal install.
$ git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/asgard-ai-platform/skills.git skills-src && mkdir -p .agents/skills && cp -r skills-src/grad-uppsala .agents/skills/grad-uppsala && rm -rf skills-srcUse ~/.agents/skills/ instead of .agents/skills for a personal install.
Codex skills documentation · loads skills from .agents/skills/
Install the "grad-uppsala" agent skill from https://github.com/asgard-ai-platform/skills/tree/main/grad-uppsala into .agents/skills/grad-uppsala/ in this project. Copy the whole folder (SKILL.md and every file beside it), keep the folder name "grad-uppsala", then confirm the skill loads.Codex copies the folder itself, the same result as the manual copy. Check what it changed before you commit it.
$ npx skills add asgard-ai-platform/skills --skill grad-uppsala -a cursorProject install goes to .agents/skills/; add -g for ~/.cursor/skills/.
$ gh skill install asgard-ai-platform/skills grad-uppsala --agent cursorProject scope by default (.agents/skills/); add --scope user for a personal install.
$ git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/asgard-ai-platform/skills.git skills-src && mkdir -p .cursor/skills && cp -r skills-src/grad-uppsala .cursor/skills/grad-uppsala && rm -rf skills-srcUse ~/.cursor/skills/ instead of .cursor/skills for a personal install.
Cursor skills documentation · loads skills from .cursor/skills/, .agents/skills/, .claude/skills/, .codex/skills/
Install the "grad-uppsala" agent skill from https://github.com/asgard-ai-platform/skills/tree/main/grad-uppsala into .cursor/skills/grad-uppsala/ in this project. Copy the whole folder (SKILL.md and every file beside it), keep the folder name "grad-uppsala", then confirm the skill loads.Cursor copies the folder itself, the same result as the manual copy. Check what it changed before you commit it.
$ gemini skills install https://github.com/asgard-ai-platform/skills.git --path grad-uppsala--scope user (default) or --scope workspace; --path is the subfolder of the repo that holds the skill; --consent skips the security confirmation prompt.
$ npx skills add asgard-ai-platform/skills --skill grad-uppsala -a gemini-cliProject install goes to .agents/skills/; add -g for ~/.gemini/skills/.
$ gh skill install asgard-ai-platform/skills grad-uppsala --agent gemini-cliProject scope by default (.agents/skills/); add --scope user for a personal install.
$ git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/asgard-ai-platform/skills.git skills-src && mkdir -p .gemini/skills && cp -r skills-src/grad-uppsala .gemini/skills/grad-uppsala && rm -rf skills-srcUse ~/.gemini/skills/ instead of .gemini/skills for a personal install, then run /skills reload.
Gemini CLI skills documentation · loads skills from .gemini/skills/, .agents/skills/
Install the "grad-uppsala" agent skill from https://github.com/asgard-ai-platform/skills/tree/main/grad-uppsala into .gemini/skills/grad-uppsala/ in this project. Copy the whole folder (SKILL.md and every file beside it), keep the folder name "grad-uppsala", then confirm the skill loads.Gemini CLI copies the folder itself, the same result as the manual copy. Check what it changed before you commit it.
$ gh skill install asgard-ai-platform/skills grad-uppsalaInstalls for Copilot at project scope by default; add --scope user for a personal install. Preview a skill first with gh skill preview. Needs GitHub CLI 2.90.0 or later (public preview).
$ npx skills add asgard-ai-platform/skills --skill grad-uppsala -a github-copilotProject install goes to .agents/skills/; add -g for ~/.copilot/skills/.
$ git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/asgard-ai-platform/skills.git skills-src && mkdir -p .github/skills && cp -r skills-src/grad-uppsala .github/skills/grad-uppsala && rm -rf skills-srcUse ~/.copilot/skills/ instead of .github/skills for a personal install. Commit .github/skills so cloud agent and code review can use it.
GitHub Copilot skills documentation · loads skills from .github/skills/, .claude/skills/, .agents/skills/
Install the "grad-uppsala" agent skill from https://github.com/asgard-ai-platform/skills/tree/main/grad-uppsala into .github/skills/grad-uppsala/ in this project. Copy the whole folder (SKILL.md and every file beside it), keep the folder name "grad-uppsala", then confirm the skill loads.GitHub Copilot copies the folder itself, the same result as the manual copy. Check what it changed before you commit it.
$ npx skills add asgard-ai-platform/skills --skill grad-uppsala -a opencodeOpenCode documents no install command of its own. Project install goes to .agents/skills/; add -g for ~/.config/opencode/skills/.
$ gh skill install asgard-ai-platform/skills grad-uppsala --agent opencodeProject scope by default (.agents/skills/); add --scope user for a personal install.
$ git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/asgard-ai-platform/skills.git skills-src && mkdir -p .opencode/skills && cp -r skills-src/grad-uppsala .opencode/skills/grad-uppsala && rm -rf skills-srcUse ~/.config/opencode/skills/ instead of .opencode/skills for a personal install.
OpenCode skills documentation · loads skills from .opencode/skills/, .claude/skills/, .agents/skills/
Install the "grad-uppsala" agent skill from https://github.com/asgard-ai-platform/skills/tree/main/grad-uppsala into .opencode/skills/grad-uppsala/ in this project. Copy the whole folder (SKILL.md and every file beside it), keep the folder name "grad-uppsala", then confirm the skill loads.OpenCode copies the folder itself, the same result as the manual copy. Check what it changed before you commit it.
Facts
- Skill name
grad-uppsala- GitHub stars
- 242
- Token cost
- ~1.4k tokens
- SKILL.md length
- 466 words
- Files
- 4 (incl. references)
- Skills in repo
- 207
- Repo updated
- First seen
- Licence
- MIT
At a glance
Apply the Uppsala Internationalization Model to analyze gradual foreign market entry based on psychic distance and experiential learning.
- Works in 4 steps: Map Current Internationalization State → Rank Target Markets by Psychic Distance → Define the Establishment Chain → …
- The user needs to plan a staged internationalization sequence
- SKILL.md covers Overview, When to Use, Assumptions and Methodology, plus 3 more sections
- Instructions only: no scripts, shell commands, URLs or credentials in SKILL.md
What it does
Grad Uppsala is an agent skill from asgard-ai-platform/skills. Apply the Uppsala Internationalization Model to analyze gradual foreign market entry based on psychic distance and experiential learning. Use this skill when the user needs to plan a staged internationalization sequence, understand why firms enter culturally similar markets first, or evaluate whether a firm's international expansion follows the establishment chain from export to subsidiary.
Its SKILL.md is about 1.4k tokens, which your agent loads only when the skill is triggered. The skill folder holds 5 other files, including reference files (for example `examples/sample_scenario.md`, `references/psychic-distance-scales.md` and `references/uppsala-2009-revision.md`).
It sits in Frontend & Design, covering Internationalization and Go-to-market strategy. The repository describes itself as: 301 open-source coding agent skills across 22 domains — methodology, judgment & gotchas packaged as Claude Agent Skills for the Asgard AI Platform. The licence is MIT.
When your agent uses it
- The user needs to plan a staged internationalization sequence
- Understand why firms enter culturally similar markets first
- Evaluate whether a firms international expansion follows the establishment chain from export to subsidiary
Example prompts
- “/grad-uppsala”
Workflow steps
4 steps, taken from the step headings in SKILL.md.
What it can do on your machine
Read from SKILL.md and the folder at commit 4e7f4f8. It shows what the files ask for, not the result of running them.
Tool permissions
Pre-approves nothing: there is no allowed-tools line, so your agent's usual permission prompts apply.
From allowed-tools in the SKILL.md frontmatter.
Runs code
No scripts in the folder and no shell commands in SKILL.md (its code samples are markdown).
From the folder's file list and the shell code blocks in SKILL.md.
Network
No URLs in SKILL.md.
From URLs in SKILL.md, links to its own repository left out.
Credentials
Names no API keys, tokens, secrets or passwords.
From names ending in _API_KEY, _TOKEN, _SECRET, _KEY or _PASSWORD in SKILL.md.
Context cost
Grad Uppsala loads about 1.4k tokens when it runs, and up to ~7.6k if it reads all its reference files. Until then it costs about 102 tokens; SKILL.md has 466 words of instructions outside code blocks.
Estimates: characters ÷ 4, the usual rule of thumb; real counts depend on the model's tokenizer. Scripts and assets cost tokens only if the agent reads them.
Safety
Auto-check passed
The automated check found no risky patterns in SKILL.md.
Automated static check — not a guarantee. Review scripts before installing. It scans the text of SKILL.md for risky patterns (piping downloads into a shell, reading credential files, hidden Unicode, destructive commands); files beside SKILL.md are not scanned.
SKILL.md
The full file from asgard-ai-platform/skills at commit 4e7f4f8, republished under its MIT licence (© asgard-ai-platform). 466 words, ~1,406 tokens.
Download SKILL.mdSave it as
.claude/skills/grad-uppsala/SKILL.md (or your agent's skills folder). This skill also uses 3 other files; get the full folder from GitHub.- name
- grad-uppsala
- description
- Apply the Uppsala Internationalization Model to analyze gradual foreign market entry based on psychic distance and experiential learning. Use this skill when the user needs to plan a staged internationalization sequence, understand why firms enter culturally similar markets first, or evaluate whether a firm's international expansion follows the establishment chain from export to subsidiary.
- metadata.category
- WP-24 創新與國際化
- metadata.tags
- uppsala-model, psychic-distance, internationalization-process, experiential-learning, establishment-chain, johanson-vahlne
Uppsala Internationalization Model (Johanson & Vahlne, 1977)
Overview
The Uppsala Model explains internationalization as a gradual, path-dependent process driven by experiential learning. Firms enter foreign markets incrementally, starting with psychically close countries (similar language, culture, institutions) and progressing through an establishment chain: no regular export, export via agent, sales subsidiary, production subsidiary. Each stage builds market knowledge that enables the next commitment.
When to Use
Trigger conditions:
- User is planning a staged international expansion strategy
- User asks which foreign markets to enter first and in what order
- User needs to evaluate the pace and sequence of internationalization
- User mentions "psychic distance", "gradual internationalization", "Uppsala", or "establishment chain"
When NOT to use:
- For firms that internationalize rapidly from inception -> use grad-born-global
- For FDI mode selection (OLI-based) -> use grad-oli
- For national competitive advantage assessment -> use grad-diamond
Assumptions
IRON LAW: Internationalization Is Path-Dependent
Firms enter PSYCHICALLY CLOSE markets first — those with similar
language, culture, political systems, and business practices.
Each market entry builds experiential knowledge that reduces the
perceived risk of entering the NEXT, more distant market.
Skipping stages (e.g., jumping from no exports to production
subsidiary in a distant market) violates the model and dramatically
increases failure risk — UNLESS the firm has compensating mechanisms
(acquisitions, network relationships, prior international experience).- Market knowledge is primarily experiential, not codifiable
- Uncertainty reduction comes from operating in the market, not from research alone
- Commitment decisions are incremental and tied to accumulated knowledge
- The model applies best to manufacturing SMEs with limited international experience
Methodology
Step 1: Map Current Internationalization State
For each market the firm operates in, document:
- Current mode: Export / Agent / Sales subsidiary / Production subsidiary
- Years of presence
- Market knowledge level: Low / Medium / High
- Resource commitment level: Low / Medium / High
Step 2: Rank Target Markets by Psychic Distance
Assess psychic distance from the home market across: language, culture (Hofstede/GLOBE), political system, economic development, and business practices. Create a ranking: Near, Moderate, Far.
Step 3: Define the Establishment Chain
For each target market, plan the progression:
| Stage | Activity | Knowledge Required | Commitment Level |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | No regular export | Minimal market awareness | None |
| 2 | Export via independent agent | Basic market demand knowledge | Low |
| 3 | Sales subsidiary | Customer relationships, distribution knowledge | Medium |
| 4 | Production subsidiary | Deep operational knowledge, local supply chains | High |
Specify trigger conditions for advancing to the next stage (e.g., revenue threshold, relationship maturity).
Show full SKILL.md (154 more words)Show less
Step 4: Plan the Learning Cycle
The Uppsala model is a dynamic feedback loop:
- State variables: Market knowledge + Market commitment (current state)
- Change variables: Commitment decisions + Current activities (actions taken)
- Activities generate knowledge -> knowledge enables commitment -> commitment generates more activities
Design explicit learning mechanisms: expatriate rotations, local hires, partnership structures.
Output Format
# Uppsala Internationalization Plan: {Firm}
## Current Footprint
| Market | Mode | Years | Knowledge | Commitment |
|--------|------|-------|-----------|------------|
| {Market A} | {mode} | {N} | {L/M/H} | {L/M/H} |
## Psychic Distance Ranking from {Home Country}
- Near: {markets} | Moderate: {markets} | Far: {markets}
## Recommended Entry Sequence
1. {Market}: {mode} -> {next mode} (trigger: {condition})
## Learning Mechanisms
- {Mechanism}: {how it builds market knowledge}Gotchas
- Psychic distance is perceptual, not objective: Managers may perceive the UK as "close" to the US despite significant differences. Validate with data.
- Weakest for born globals: Knowledge-intensive and digital firms routinely skip stages. Recognize when the model does not apply.
- Psychic distance paradox: Firms may UNDERPERFORM in close markets because perceived similarity breeds overconfidence.
- Networks substitute for experiential knowledge: The 2009 revision emphasizes network position can accelerate internationalization.
- Gradual does not mean slow: Strong learning capabilities allow rapid progression through stages.
References
- For the 2009 revised Uppsala model (network-based), see
references/uppsala-2009-revision.md - For psychic distance measurement instruments, see
references/psychic-distance-scales.md
© asgard-ai-platform, MIT. Rendered from Markdown: HTML in the file is shown as text, images as links, and headings moved down two levels. Raw file
Files
SKILL.md and 3 other files (references) in grad-uppsala of asgard-ai-platform/skills.
- SKILL.md
- examples/sample_scenario.md
- references/psychic-distance-scales.md
- references/uppsala-2009-revision.md
Open the folder on GitHubat commit 4e7f4f8
Compare with similar skills
Grad Uppsala next to the 5 skills that share the most tags, products or categories with it. Stars are the repository's; “used in” counts other GitHub owners with a copy.
| Skill | Stars | Used in | Tokens | Auto-check | Licence | Repo updated |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grad Uppsala this skillasgard-ai-platform/skills | 242 | — | ~1.4k | Automated safety check: Pass | MIT | |
| Intl Expansionborghei/Claude-Skills | 891 | — | ~5.2k | Automated safety check: Pass | MIT | |
| Chuhai Market Entrymohitagw15856/pm-claude-skills | 1.4k | — | ~1.2k | Automated safety check: Pass | MIT | |
| Impeccablebestofjs/bestofjs | 3.1k | 26 repos | ~2.6k | Automated safety check: Pass | MIT | |
| Chatbox i18n Translatorchatboxai/chatbox | 42k | — | ~508 | Automated safety check: Pass | GPL-3.0 | |
| Internationalization Workflow with i18niOfficeAI/AionUi | 33k | 1 repos | ~1.9k | Automated safety check: Pass | Apache-2.0 |
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Impeccable
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Related
Categories
Questions about Grad Uppsala
What does Grad Uppsala do?
Apply the Uppsala Internationalization Model to analyze gradual foreign market entry based on psychic distance and experiential learning. Grad Uppsala is an agent skill from asgard-ai-platform/skills. Apply the Uppsala Internationalization Model to analyze gradual foreign market entry based on psychic distance and experiential learning.
When should I use Grad Uppsala?
Grad Uppsala fits situations like: the user needs to plan a staged internationalization sequence; understand why firms enter culturally similar markets first; evaluate whether a firms international expansion follows the establishment chain from export to subsidiary.
How do I install Grad Uppsala in Claude Code?
Run `npx skills add asgard-ai-platform/skills --skill grad-uppsala -a claude-code`. Or copy the skill folder (grad-uppsala in asgard-ai-platform/skills) into .claude/skills/grad-uppsala in your project. Claude Code loads it when a task matches its description.
How do I install Grad Uppsala in Codex?
Run `npx skills add asgard-ai-platform/skills --skill grad-uppsala -a codex`. Or copy the skill folder (grad-uppsala in asgard-ai-platform/skills) into .agents/skills/grad-uppsala in your project. Codex loads it when a task matches its description.
Can I use Grad Uppsala in Cursor, Gemini CLI or GitHub Copilot?
Cursor, Gemini CLI, GitHub Copilot and OpenCode also load SKILL.md folders. With the skills CLI, run `npx skills add asgard-ai-platform/skills --skill grad-uppsala -a cursor` (or -a gemini-cli, github-copilot or opencode for the others). To copy it by hand, put the folder in .cursor/skills/grad-uppsala, .gemini/skills/grad-uppsala, .github/skills/grad-uppsala and .opencode/skills/grad-uppsala in your project.
What does Grad Uppsala need to run?
SKILL.md names no scripts, command-line tools or credentials: Grad Uppsala is instructions for the agent only.
Does Grad Uppsala access the network?
SKILL.md contains no URLs. Any network use would come from the scripts or tools the agent runs. This is read from the text; nothing was executed.
Is Grad Uppsala safe to install?
Our automated static check of SKILL.md found no risky patterns, such as piping downloads into a shell, reading credential files or hidden Unicode. It is not a guarantee. Review the folder before installing.
What licence does Grad Uppsala use?
Grad Uppsala is published under the MIT licence (the repository's licence). It allows redistribution, so the full SKILL.md is shown on this page.
How many tokens does Grad Uppsala use?
About 1.4k tokens (SKILL.md is roughly 5.6k characters). Agents keep only the skill's name and description in context until a task matches; then they load SKILL.md in full. Its references folder adds about 6.2k tokens, read only when the agent opens those files.
What are the alternatives to Grad Uppsala?
Skills that share tags, products or a category with Grad Uppsala: Intl Expansion (borghei/Claude-Skills, 891 stars), Chuhai Market Entry (mohitagw15856/pm-claude-skills, 1.4k stars), Impeccable (bestofjs/bestofjs, 3.1k stars) and Chatbox i18n Translator (chatboxai/chatbox, 42k stars). The comparison table on this page puts their stars, adoption, token cost, safety result and licence side by side.
Who maintains Grad Uppsala?
asgard-ai-platform (a GitHub organization) maintains it in asgard-ai-platform/skills, which has 242 GitHub stars. The repository holds 207 skills in this directory. The repository was last updated on June 6, 2026.
Source: asgard-ai-platform/skills on GitHub. Facts on this page come from the repository at the commit we read; the author's words are quoted as theirs.