Security Review

const apiKey = "sk-proj-xxxxx"  // 硬编码的机密信息
const dbPassword = "password123" // 存在于源码中

const apiKey = process.env.OPENAI_API_KEY
const dbUrl = process.env.DATABASE_URL

// 确保机密信息存在
if (!apiKey) {
  throw new Error('OPENAI_API_KEY not configured')
}

import { z } from 'zod'

// 定义验证 Schema
const CreateUserSchema = z.object({
  email: z.string().email(),
  name: z.string().min(1).max(100),
  age: z.number().int().min(0).max(150)
})

// 处理前验证
export async function createUser(input: unknown) {
  try {
    const validated = CreateUserSchema.parse(input)
    return await db.users.create(validated)
  } catch (error) {
    if (error instanceof z.ZodError) {
      return { success: false, errors: error.errors }
    }
    throw error
  }
}

function validateFileUpload(file: File) {
  // 检查大小（最大 5MB）
  const maxSize = 5 * 1024 * 1024
  if (file.size > maxSize) {
    throw new Error('File too large (max 5MB)')
  }

  // 检查类型
  const allowedTypes = ['image/jpeg', 'image/png', 'image/gif']
  if (!allowedTypes.includes(file.type)) {
    throw new Error('Invalid file type')
  }

  // 检查扩展名
  const allowedExtensions = ['.jpg', '.jpeg', '.png', '.gif']
  const extension = file.name.toLowerCase().match(/\.[^.]+$/)?.[0]
  if (!extension || !allowedExtensions.includes(extension)) {
    throw new Error('Invalid file extension')
  }

  return true
}

// 危险 - 存在 SQL 注入漏洞
const query = `SELECT * FROM users WHERE email = '${userEmail}'`
await db.query(query)

// 安全 - 使用参数化查询
const { data } = await supabase
  .from('users')
  .select('*')
  .eq('email', userEmail)

// 或在原生 SQL 中使用
await db.query(
  'SELECT * FROM users WHERE email = $1',
  [userEmail]
)

// ❌ 错误：localStorage（容易受到 XSS 攻击）
localStorage.setItem('token', token)

// ✅ 正确：httpOnly Cookie
res.setHeader('Set-Cookie',
  `token=${token}; HttpOnly; Secure; SameSite=Strict; Max-Age=3600`)

export async function deleteUser(userId: string, requesterId: string) {
  // 始终先确认授权
  const requester = await db.users.findUnique({
    where: { id: requesterId }
  })

  if (requester.role !== 'admin') {
    return NextResponse.json(
      { error: 'Unauthorized' },
      { status: 403 }
    )
  }

  // 继续执行删除
  await db.users.delete({ where: { id: userId } })
}

-- 在所有表上启用 RLS
ALTER TABLE users ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;

-- 用户只能查看自己的数据
CREATE POLICY "Users view own data"
  ON users FOR SELECT
  USING (auth.uid() = id);

-- 用户只能更新自己的数据
CREATE POLICY "Users update own data"
  ON users FOR UPDATE
  USING (auth.uid() = id);

import DOMPurify from 'isomorphic-dompurify'

// 始终对用户提供的 HTML 进行净化
function renderUserContent(html: string) {
  const clean = DOMPurify.sanitize(html, {
    ALLOWED_TAGS: ['b', 'i', 'em', 'strong', 'p'],
    ALLOWED_ATTR: []
  })
  return <div dangerouslySetInnerHTML={{ __html: clean }} />
}

// next.config.js
const securityHeaders = [
  {
    key: 'Content-Security-Policy',
    value: `
      default-src 'self';
      script-src 'self' 'unsafe-eval' 'unsafe-inline';
      style-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline';
      img-src 'self' data: https:;
      font-src 'self';
      connect-src 'self' https://api.example.com;
    `.replace(/\s{2,}/g, ' ').trim()
  }
]

import { csrf } from '@/lib/csrf'

export async function POST(request: Request) {
  const token = request.headers.get('X-CSRF-Token')

  if (!csrf.verify(token)) {
    return NextResponse.json(
      { error: 'Invalid CSRF token' },
      { status: 403 }
    )
  }

  // 处理请求
}

res.setHeader('Set-Cookie',
  `session=${sessionId}; HttpOnly; Secure; SameSite=Strict`)

import rateLimit from 'express-rate-limit'

const limiter = rateLimit({
  windowMs: 15 * 60 * 1000, // 15 分钟
  max: 100, // 每个窗口期最多 100 个请求
  message: 'Too many requests'
})

// 应用于路由
app.use('/api/', limiter)

// 对搜索操作进行更严格的速率限制
const searchLimiter = rateLimit({
  windowMs: 60 * 1000, // 1 分钟
  max: 10, // 每分钟最多 10 个请求
  message: 'Too many search requests'
})

app.use('/api/search', searchLimiter)

// ❌ 错误：在日志中记录敏感数据
console.log('User login:', { email, password })
console.log('Payment:', { cardNumber, cvv })

// ✅ 正确：脱敏处理
console.log('User login:', { email, userId })
console.log('Payment:', { last4: card.last4, userId })

// ❌ 错误：泄露内部细节
catch (error) {
  return NextResponse.json(
    { error: error.message, stack: error.stack },
    { status: 500 }
  )
}

// ✅ 正确：通用的错误消息
catch (error) {
  console.error('Internal error:', error)
  return NextResponse.json(
    { error: 'An error occurred. Please try again.' },
    { status: 500 }
  )
}

import { verify } from '@solana/web3.js'

async function verifyWalletOwnership(
  publicKey: string,
  signature: string,
  message: string
) {
  try {
    const isValid = verify(
      Buffer.from(message),
      Buffer.from(signature, 'base64'),
      Buffer.from(publicKey, 'base64')
    )
    return isValid
  } catch (error) {
    return false
  }
}

async function verifyTransaction(transaction: Transaction) {
  // 验证接收者
  if (transaction.to !== expectedRecipient) {
    throw new Error('Invalid recipient')
  }

  // 验证金额
  if (transaction.amount > maxAmount) {
    throw new Error('Amount exceeds limit')
  }

  // 确保用户余额充足
  const balance = await getBalance(transaction.from)
  if (balance < transaction.amount) {
    throw new Error('Insufficient balance')
  }

  return true
}

# 检查漏洞
npm audit

# 修复可自动修复的问题
npm audit fix

# 更新依赖项
npm update

# 检查过时的包
npm outdated

# 始终提交锁定文件
git add package-lock.json

# 在 CI/CD 中使用以实现可重现的构建
npm ci  # 替代 npm install

// 测试身份验证
test('requires authentication', async () => {
  const response = await fetch('/api/protected')
  expect(response.status).toBe(401)
})

// 测试授权
test('requires admin role', async () => {
  const response = await fetch('/api/admin', {
    headers: { Authorization: `Bearer ${userToken}` }
  })
  expect(response.status).toBe(403)
})

// 测试输入验证
test('rejects invalid input', async () => {
  const response = await fetch('/api/users', {
    method: 'POST',
    body: JSON.stringify({ email: 'not-an-email' })
  })
  expect(response.status).toBe(400)
})

// 测试速率限制
test('enforces rate limits', async () => {
  const requests = Array(101).fill(null).map(() =>
    fetch('/api/endpoint')
  )

  const responses = await Promise.all(requests)
  const tooManyRequests = responses.filter(r => r.status === 429)

  expect(tooManyRequests.length).toBeGreaterThan(0)
})