Hf Cloud Sagemaker Production Defaults

SageMaker Production Defaults

The difference between a demo endpoint and one you can leave running is: it scales with traffic, it tells you when it breaks, and you can debug it later. This skill makes those three the default rather than optional extras.

By the time this skill runs, the planner has chosen a real-time endpoint, IAM has a usable role, and image-selection has resolved a container URI + AMI version. This skill turns those into an actual deployment.

What gets created

For every endpoint, the skill creates these as a unit:

1. SageMaker Model — image + env vars + execution role + S3 artifacts
2. Endpoint config — instance type, initial count, optional data capture
3. Endpoint — the real-time endpoint serving inference
4. Autoscaling target + policy — target tracking on invocations per instance
5. CloudWatch alarms — latency, errors, platform overhead

Data capture (logging requests/responses to S3) is off by default — useful for debugging but creates ongoing S3 costs the user didn't necessarily ask for. Enable with --enable-data-capture.

All resources get a consistent tag set including CreatedBy=agentic-deploy-skills for later cleanup.

Defaults and reasoning in references/deployment-template.md.

Running the deployment

For a text-generation LLM (vLLM):

python scripts/deploy.py \
    --model-name qwen3-medical \
    --image-uri "$IMAGE_URI" \
    --inference-ami-version "$AMI" \
    --role-arn "$ROLE_ARN" \
    --instance-type ml.g5.xlarge \
    --region "$REGION" \
    --env SM_VLLM_MODEL=Qwen/Qwen3-0.6B \
    --env SM_VLLM_HOST=0.0.0.0 \
    --env SM_VLLM_TRUST_REMOTE_CODE=true \
    --env SM_VLLM_MAX_MODEL_LEN=4096

For an embedding model (TEI, often on CPU):

python scripts/deploy.py \
    --model-name bge-large-embeddings \
    --image-uri "$IMAGE_URI" \
    --role-arn "$ROLE_ARN" \
    --instance-type ml.c6i.2xlarge \
    --region "$REGION" \
    --env HF_MODEL_ID=BAAI/bge-large-en-v1.5

Note: TEI deployments do not need --inference-ami-version. That flag is vLLM-specific. TEI env vars are also simpler (HF_MODEL_ID instead of SM_VLLM_*, no host or trust-remote-code to configure).

Where each value comes from:

The script creates resources in order with error handling, waits for InService (up to 30 min), surfaces failure reasons, registers autoscaling and alarms, and prints a summary including the teardown command. Outputs a JSON blob on stdout with endpoint/config/model names for downstream scripting.

The scripts ship with this skill. If the installed copy is missing the scripts/ directory (some harnesses copy only SKILL.md on install), fetch them from the source repo rather than re-implementing them from this description.

Cold-start expectation: when the model loads from HF Hub, the download happens inside the container after the endpoint starts — 5–15+ minutes to InService is normal, not a failure. deploy.py waits 30 minutes; if you write custom wait code, don't time out at 15. Pre-staging weights in S3 (--model-s3-uri) cuts this and removes the Hub dependency.

InService is not success — smoke-test before declaring victory

InService only means the container answered /ping. In MMS-based containers (HF Inference Toolkit) the Java front-end answers pings even while the Python worker crash-loops — an endpoint can be InService and serve nothing. Two checks, always:

1. One real invocation.

   • Real-time: invoke_endpoint.py (below) with a minimal payload; require an HTTP 200 with a sane body.
   • Async: upload one input to S3, call invoke-endpoint-async, poll the output URI for a few minutes (see "Invoking async endpoints"). A result object = success; an object at the failure URI, or nothing appearing, = broken.

2. Scan the endpoint logs for worker-crash markers — catches the crash-loop case even when the smoke request merely times out:

   aws logs filter-log-events \
       --log-group-name /aws/sagemaker/Endpoints/<endpoint-name> \
       --filter-pattern '?"Worker died" ?"Load model failed" ?"ImportError"' \
       --region <region> --max-items 5

Only report the deployment complete after both pass. If the log scan hits, surface the actual traceback from CloudWatch — not the InService status.

Testing a real-time endpoint

Once the endpoint is InService, test it with the bundled helper. It is cross-platform and BOM-safe — use it instead of hand-writing a payload file and calling invoke-endpoint directly:

# macOS / Linux
python3 scripts/invoke_endpoint.py \
    --endpoint-name <endpoint-name> \
    --payload '{"inputs": "Hello"}' \
    --region "$REGION"

# Windows (PowerShell)
python scripts\invoke_endpoint.py `
    --endpoint-name <endpoint-name> `
    --payload-file payload.json `
    --region $REGION

It accepts either --payload '<json>' (inline) or --payload-file <path>, validates JSON, writes the request body as plain UTF-8, invokes the endpoint, and prints the response body to stdout.

The UTF-8 BOM gotcha (Windows)

If you write the request payload yourself on Windows, do not use Set-Content -Encoding UTF8 — depending on the PowerShell version it prepends a UTF-8 byte-order mark (BOM). SageMaker's JSON parser rejects a BOM with a 400 ModelError:

Unexpected UTF-8 BOM (decode using utf-8-sig): line 1 column 1 (char 0)

This is not a model, endpoint-health, or image problem — only the file encoding of the request body. invoke_endpoint.py avoids it entirely (it even strips a BOM from a --payload-file that already has one). If you must call the CLI directly, write the body as BOM-free UTF-8:

# BOM-free UTF-8 — use this
[System.IO.File]::WriteAllText((Resolve-Path "payload.json"), $json, [System.Text.UTF8Encoding]::new($false))

aws sagemaker-runtime invoke-endpoint `
    --endpoint-name <endpoint-name> `
    --content-type application/json `
    --body fileb://payload.json `
    --region $REGION `
    response.json

Fallback: if any invocation fails with Unexpected UTF-8 BOM, rewrite the payload as BOM-free UTF-8 (or re-run via invoke_endpoint.py) and retry once before treating the endpoint or model as broken.

Invoking a generative reranker (vLLM)

Generative rerankers (Qwen3-Reranker etc. — routed to the HuggingFace vLLM DLC by hf-cloud-serving-image-selection) are causal LMs scored by their first generated token, not chat models. Use the completions API with a raw prompt, not the messages/chat API: chat templating does not reliably honor chat_template_kwargs such as {"enable_thinking": false}, and a wrong template silently returns near-identical scores for every query–document pair instead of erroring.

Payload shape (Qwen3-Reranker's expected format — substitute {query} / {document}):

{
  "prompt": "<|im_start|>system\nJudge whether the Document meets the requirements based on the Query and the Instruct provided. Note that the answer can only be \"yes\" or \"no\".<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>user\n<Instruct>: Given a web search query, retrieve relevant passages that answer the query\n<Query>: {query}\n<Document>: {document}<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n\n</think>\n\n",
  "max_tokens": 1,
  "temperature": 0,
  "logprobs": 20
}

The trailing <|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n\n</think>\n\n suffix is load-bearing: it pre-fills an empty thinking block so the first generated token is the yes/no judgment. Score from the returned logprobs: P("yes") / (P("yes") + P("no")). Sanity check the endpoint with one relevant pair (expect >0.9) and one irrelevant pair (expect <0.05) — near-identical scores across pairs mean the prompt template is wrong, not that the model is broken.

The same rule generalizes: for any thinking-mode model where the prompt must be byte-exact, prefer the raw completions API over chat.

Picking the image URI

The agent reads the image URI from AWS's Deep Learning Containers catalog — pick the row that matches the model family (HuggingFace vLLM for LLMs, TEI for embeddings, etc.), substitute <region> with the deployment region, and pass to deploy.py --image-uri.

For vLLM images specifically (both huggingface-vllm and the AWS vllm fallback), also check the tag's CUDA version:

# Example: HuggingFace vLLM 0.21.0 from the catalog
IMAGE_URI="763104351884.dkr.ecr.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/huggingface-vllm:0.21.0-transformers5.8.1-gpu-py312-cu130-ubuntu22.04"

# cu130 tag → must pass --inference-ami-version
python deploy.py --image-uri "$IMAGE_URI" \
    --inference-ami-version al2-ami-sagemaker-inference-gpu-3-1 \
    ...

For tags with cu129 or lower, omit --inference-ami-version. See hf-cloud-serving-image-selection for the full vLLM AMI lookup table and the env-var requirements for each image family.

Async inference deployments

For long-running inferences (>60s), large payloads, or workloads that are bursty/sparse enough to benefit from scale-to-zero, use deploy_async.py instead of deploy.py. Async genuinely supports MinCapacity=0 — real-time autoscaling can't.

python scripts/deploy_async.py \
    --model-name flux-text-to-image \
    --image-uri "$IMAGE_URI" \
    --role-arn "$ROLE_ARN" \
    --instance-type ml.g5.2xlarge \
    --region "$REGION" \
    --output-s3-uri s3://my-bucket/async-output/ \
    --env HF_MODEL_ID=black-forest-labs/FLUX.1-dev

Required extras over deploy.py:

• --output-s3-uri — where async results land (results are not returned synchronously)

Optional async-specific flags:

• --failure-s3-uri — separate path for failed invocations
• --success-sns-topic, --error-sns-topic — get notified when async results are ready or fail
• --min-capacity 0 (the default) — scale to zero between batches
• --backlog-per-instance-target N — target queue depth per instance (default 5)
• --max-concurrent-invocations-per-instance N — default 4

How scale-to-zero works

The async script registers two autoscaling policies on the variant:

1. Target-tracking on ApproximateBacklogSizePerInstance — handles ongoing scaling between min and max
2. Step-scaling triggered by a HasBacklogWithoutCapacity CloudWatch alarm — handles 0→1 wake-from-zero

Both are needed. Target-tracking alone cannot transition from zero (it can't divide by zero instances), so without the step policy the endpoint comes up, scales to zero after the first batch, and never wakes again. The script wires this up automatically.