Sap Abap Cds

Key Function Categories

• String Functions: concat(), length(), substring(), upper(), lower(), replace()
• Numeric Functions: abs(), ceil(), floor(), round(), division()
• Date Functions: dats_add_days(), dats_add_months(), dats_days_between()
• CAST Expression: Convert between ABAP data types

Note: upper() and lower() in CDS require 7.51+. On 7.40/7.50, case conversion must be performed in ABAP after selecting (there is no CDS equivalent).

Complete Reference: See references/functions-reference.md for all 50+ functions with examples.

Quick Examples

-- String operations
concat(first_name, last_name) as FullName,
upper(name) as UpperName,
substring(description, 1, 10) as ShortDesc

-- Numeric operations  
abs(amount) as AbsoluteAmount,
round(value, 2) as RoundedValue,
division(10, 3, 2) as PreciseDivision

-- Date operations
dats_add_days(current_date, 7) as NextWeek,
dats_days_between(start_date, end_date) as Duration

-- Type conversion
cast(field as abap.char(10)) as TextField,
cast(amount as abap.curr(15,2)) as CurrencyField

**ABAP Types**: `abap.char()`, `abap.numc()`, `abap.int4`, `abap.dats`, `abap.tims`, `abap.curr()`, `abap.cuky`, `abap.quan()`, `abap.unit()`

---

## 5. Joins

### Join Types
```sql
-- INNER JOIN (matching rows only)
inner join makt as t on m.matnr = t.matnr

-- LEFT OUTER JOIN (all from left, matching from right)
left outer join marc as c on m.matnr = c.matnr

-- RIGHT OUTER JOIN (all from right, matching from left)  -- [7.51+]
right outer join mvke as v on m.matnr = v.matnr

-- CROSS JOIN (cartesian product)                         -- [7.51+]
cross join t001 as co

6. Associations

Associations define relationships between entities (join-on-demand):

Defining Associations

define view Z_ASSOC_EXAMPLE as select from scarr as c
  association [1..*] to spfli as _Flights
    on $projection.carrid = _Flights.carrid
  association [0..1] to sairport as _Airport
    on $projection.hub = _Airport.id
{
  key c.carrid,
      c.carrname,
      c.hub,

      // Expose associations
      _Flights,
      _Airport
}

Cardinality Notation

Syntax mapping:

• [0..1] or [1] → association to one (LEFT OUTER MANY TO ONE)
• [1..1] → association to one (exact match)
• [0..*] or [*] → association to many (LEFT OUTER MANY TO MANY)
• [1..*] → association to many (one or more)

Complete Reference: See references/associations-reference.md for detailed cardinality guide.

New Cardinality Syntax (Release 2302+)

association to one _Customer on ...   -- [0..1]
association to many _Items on ...      -- [0..*]

Using Associations

-- Expose for consumer use
_Customer,

-- Ad-hoc field access (triggers join)
_Customer.name as CustomerName

Path Expressions with Filter

-- Filter with cardinality indicator
_Items[1: Status = 'A'].ItemNo

For complete association reference, see references/associations-reference.md.

7. Input Parameters

Defining Parameters

define view Z_PARAM_EXAMPLE
  with parameters
    p_date_from : dats,
    p_date_to   : dats,
    @Environment.systemField: #SYSTEM_LANGUAGE
    p_langu     : spras
  as select from vbak as v
{
  key v.vbeln,
      v.erdat,
      v.erzet
}
where v.erdat between :p_date_from and :p_date_to

Parameter Reference

Use colon notation :p_date_from or $parameters.p_date_from

Calling from ABAP:

SELECT * FROM z_param_example(
  p_date_from = '20240101',
  p_date_to   = '20241231',
  p_langu     = @sy-langu
) INTO TABLE @DATA(lt_result).

8. Aggregate Expressions

Aggregate Functions

define view Z_AGG_EXAMPLE as select from vbap as i
{
  i.vbeln,
  sum(i.netwr) as TotalAmount,
  avg(i.netwr) as AvgAmount,
  max(i.netwr) as MaxAmount,
  min(i.netwr) as MinAmount,
  count(*) as ItemCount
}
group by i.vbeln
having sum(i.netwr) > 1000

9. Access Control (DCL)

Basic DCL Structure

@MappingRole: true
define role Z_CDS_EXAMPLE_DCL {
  grant select on Z_CDS_EXAMPLE
    where (bukrs) = aspect pfcg_auth(F_BKPF_BUK, BUKRS, ACTVT = '03');
}

Authorization Check Options

Available values:

• #NOT_REQUIRED - No authorization check
• #CHECK - Warning if no DCL exists
• #MANDATORY - Error if no DCL exists
• #NOT_ALLOWED - DCL ignored if exists

Complete Reference: See references/access-control-reference.md for detailed DCL patterns.

Condition Types

PFCG Authorization: where (field) = aspect pfcg_auth(AUTH_OBJECT, AUTH_FIELD, ACTVT = '03')

Literal Condition: where status <> 'DELETED'

User Aspect: where created_by ?= aspect user

Combined: where (bukrs) = aspect pfcg_auth(...) and status = 'ACTIVE'

For complete access control reference, see references/access-control-reference.md.

10. Data Retrieval from ABAP

Standard SELECT

SELECT * FROM zcds_example
  WHERE field1 = @lv_value
  INTO TABLE @DATA(lt_result).

SALV IDA (Integrated Data Access)

cl_salv_gui_table_ida=>create_for_cds_view(
  CONV #( 'ZCDS_EXAMPLE' )
)->fullscreen( )->display( ).

11. Common Errors and Solutions

SD_CDS_ENTITY105: Missing Reference Information

Problem: CURR/QUAN fields without reference

Solution: Add semantics annotations

@Semantics.currencyCode: true
waers,
@Semantics.amount.currencyCode: 'waers'
netwr

Or import currency from related table:

inner join t001 as c on ...
{
  c.waers,
  @Semantics.amount.currencyCode: 'waers'
  v.amount
}

Cardinality Warnings

Problem: Cardinality doesn't match actual data

Solution: Define cardinality matching data model

association [0..1] to ...  -- Use for optional relationships
association [1..*] to ...  -- Use for required one-to-many

For complete troubleshooting guide, see references/troubleshooting.md.

12. Useful Transactions and Tables

Key Transactions

• SDDLAR - Display/repair DDL structures
• RSRTS_ODP_DIS - TransientProvider preview
• RSRTS_QUERY_CHECK - CDS query metadata validation
• SE63 - Translation (EndUserText)
• SE11 - ABAP Dictionary
• SU21 - Authorization objects

Important Tables

• DDHEADANNO - Header-level annotations
• CDSVIEWANNOPOS - CDS view header annotations
• CDS_FIELD_ANNOTATION - Field-level annotations
• ABDOC_CDS_ANNOS - SAP annotation definitions

API Class

CL_DD_DDL_ANNOTATION_SERVICE - Programmatic annotation access:

• get_annos() - Get all annotations
• get_label_4_element() - Get @EndUserText.label

Bundled Resources

Reference Documentation

For detailed guidance, see the reference files in references/:

• annotations-reference.md - Complete annotation catalog
• functions-reference.md - All built-in functions with examples
• associations-reference.md - Associations and cardinality guide
• access-control-reference.md - DCL and authorization patterns
• expressions-reference.md - Expressions and operators
• troubleshooting.md - Common errors and solutions

Templates

For templates, see templates/:

• basic-view.md - Standard CDS view template
• parameterized-view.md - View with input parameters
• dcl-template.md - Access control definition

Source Documentation

Update this skill by checking:

• https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/abencds.html (ABAP Cloud)
• https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_740_index_htm/7.40/en-US/index.htm (7.40 Reference)
• https://help.sap.com/docs/SAP_NETWEAVER_AS_ABAP_752/f2e545608079437ab165c105649b89db/7c078765ec6d4e6b88b71bdaf8a2bd9f.html (NetWeaver 7.52 User Guide)
• https://github.com/SAP-samples/abap-cheat-sheets
• https://github.com/SAP-samples/abap-cheat-sheets/blob/main/33_ABAP_Release_News.md (Release News)

Last Verified: 2026-04-02