DeepTutor CLI
HKUDS/DeepTutor
Teaches the agent to set up and run DeepTutor from the command line: chat and capabilities, knowledge bases, partners, memory, sessions, notebooks and the server or Web app.
化学实验与探究教练：讲清装置为什么这样选、操作为什么是这个顺序、现象和结论怎么区分、检验与除杂怎么设计，覆盖初中 8 个学生必做实验与实验操作考试备考，高中延伸到必修与选择性必修的 18 个学生必做实验。
Install Xiaozhi Chemistry Lab Coach
$ npx skills add qizhitang/xiaozhi-skills --skill xiaozhi-chemistry-lab-coach -a claude-codeProject install by default; add -g for ~/.claude/skills/.
$ gh skill install qizhitang/xiaozhi-skills xiaozhi-chemistry-lab-coach --agent claude-codeProject scope by default; add --scope user for a personal install. Needs GitHub CLI 2.90.0 or later (public preview).
$ git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/qizhitang/xiaozhi-skills.git skills-src && mkdir -p .claude/skills && cp -r skills-src/student/chemistry/xiaozhi-chemistry-lab-coach .claude/skills/xiaozhi-chemistry-lab-coach && rm -rf skills-srcUse ~/.claude/skills/ instead of .claude/skills for a personal install. The folder must contain SKILL.md.
Claude Code skills documentation · loads skills from .claude/skills/
Install the "xiaozhi-chemistry-lab-coach" agent skill from https://github.com/qizhitang/xiaozhi-skills/tree/main/student/chemistry/xiaozhi-chemistry-lab-coach into .claude/skills/xiaozhi-chemistry-lab-coach/ in this project. Copy the whole folder (SKILL.md and every file beside it), keep the folder name "xiaozhi-chemistry-lab-coach", then confirm the skill loads.Claude Code copies the folder itself, the same result as the manual copy. Check what it changed before you commit it.
$skill-installer install https://github.com/qizhitang/xiaozhi-skills/tree/main/student/chemistry/xiaozhi-chemistry-lab-coachType this inside Codex. $skill-installer <name> installs a curated skill from openai/skills. The installer writes to $CODEX_HOME/skills (default ~/.codex/skills). Restart Codex if the skill does not show up.
$ npx skills add qizhitang/xiaozhi-skills --skill xiaozhi-chemistry-lab-coach -a codexProject install goes to .agents/skills/; add -g for ~/.codex/skills/.
$ gh skill install qizhitang/xiaozhi-skills xiaozhi-chemistry-lab-coach --agent codexProject scope by default (.agents/skills/); add --scope user for a personal install.
$ git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/qizhitang/xiaozhi-skills.git skills-src && mkdir -p .agents/skills && cp -r skills-src/student/chemistry/xiaozhi-chemistry-lab-coach .agents/skills/xiaozhi-chemistry-lab-coach && rm -rf skills-srcUse ~/.agents/skills/ instead of .agents/skills for a personal install.
Codex skills documentation · loads skills from .agents/skills/
Install the "xiaozhi-chemistry-lab-coach" agent skill from https://github.com/qizhitang/xiaozhi-skills/tree/main/student/chemistry/xiaozhi-chemistry-lab-coach into .agents/skills/xiaozhi-chemistry-lab-coach/ in this project. Copy the whole folder (SKILL.md and every file beside it), keep the folder name "xiaozhi-chemistry-lab-coach", then confirm the skill loads.Codex copies the folder itself, the same result as the manual copy. Check what it changed before you commit it.
$ npx skills add qizhitang/xiaozhi-skills --skill xiaozhi-chemistry-lab-coach -a cursorProject install goes to .agents/skills/; add -g for ~/.cursor/skills/.
$ gh skill install qizhitang/xiaozhi-skills xiaozhi-chemistry-lab-coach --agent cursorProject scope by default (.agents/skills/); add --scope user for a personal install.
$ git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/qizhitang/xiaozhi-skills.git skills-src && mkdir -p .cursor/skills && cp -r skills-src/student/chemistry/xiaozhi-chemistry-lab-coach .cursor/skills/xiaozhi-chemistry-lab-coach && rm -rf skills-srcUse ~/.cursor/skills/ instead of .cursor/skills for a personal install.
Cursor skills documentation · loads skills from .cursor/skills/, .agents/skills/, .claude/skills/, .codex/skills/
Install the "xiaozhi-chemistry-lab-coach" agent skill from https://github.com/qizhitang/xiaozhi-skills/tree/main/student/chemistry/xiaozhi-chemistry-lab-coach into .cursor/skills/xiaozhi-chemistry-lab-coach/ in this project. Copy the whole folder (SKILL.md and every file beside it), keep the folder name "xiaozhi-chemistry-lab-coach", then confirm the skill loads.Cursor copies the folder itself, the same result as the manual copy. Check what it changed before you commit it.
$ gemini skills install https://github.com/qizhitang/xiaozhi-skills.git --path student/chemistry/xiaozhi-chemistry-lab-coach--scope user (default) or --scope workspace; --path is the subfolder of the repo that holds the skill; --consent skips the security confirmation prompt.
$ npx skills add qizhitang/xiaozhi-skills --skill xiaozhi-chemistry-lab-coach -a gemini-cliProject install goes to .agents/skills/; add -g for ~/.gemini/skills/.
$ gh skill install qizhitang/xiaozhi-skills xiaozhi-chemistry-lab-coach --agent gemini-cliProject scope by default (.agents/skills/); add --scope user for a personal install.
$ git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/qizhitang/xiaozhi-skills.git skills-src && mkdir -p .gemini/skills && cp -r skills-src/student/chemistry/xiaozhi-chemistry-lab-coach .gemini/skills/xiaozhi-chemistry-lab-coach && rm -rf skills-srcUse ~/.gemini/skills/ instead of .gemini/skills for a personal install, then run /skills reload.
Gemini CLI skills documentation · loads skills from .gemini/skills/, .agents/skills/
Install the "xiaozhi-chemistry-lab-coach" agent skill from https://github.com/qizhitang/xiaozhi-skills/tree/main/student/chemistry/xiaozhi-chemistry-lab-coach into .gemini/skills/xiaozhi-chemistry-lab-coach/ in this project. Copy the whole folder (SKILL.md and every file beside it), keep the folder name "xiaozhi-chemistry-lab-coach", then confirm the skill loads.Gemini CLI copies the folder itself, the same result as the manual copy. Check what it changed before you commit it.
$ gh skill install qizhitang/xiaozhi-skills xiaozhi-chemistry-lab-coachInstalls for Copilot at project scope by default; add --scope user for a personal install. Preview a skill first with gh skill preview. Needs GitHub CLI 2.90.0 or later (public preview).
$ npx skills add qizhitang/xiaozhi-skills --skill xiaozhi-chemistry-lab-coach -a github-copilotProject install goes to .agents/skills/; add -g for ~/.copilot/skills/.
$ git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/qizhitang/xiaozhi-skills.git skills-src && mkdir -p .github/skills && cp -r skills-src/student/chemistry/xiaozhi-chemistry-lab-coach .github/skills/xiaozhi-chemistry-lab-coach && rm -rf skills-srcUse ~/.copilot/skills/ instead of .github/skills for a personal install. Commit .github/skills so cloud agent and code review can use it.
GitHub Copilot skills documentation · loads skills from .github/skills/, .claude/skills/, .agents/skills/
Install the "xiaozhi-chemistry-lab-coach" agent skill from https://github.com/qizhitang/xiaozhi-skills/tree/main/student/chemistry/xiaozhi-chemistry-lab-coach into .github/skills/xiaozhi-chemistry-lab-coach/ in this project. Copy the whole folder (SKILL.md and every file beside it), keep the folder name "xiaozhi-chemistry-lab-coach", then confirm the skill loads.GitHub Copilot copies the folder itself, the same result as the manual copy. Check what it changed before you commit it.
$ npx skills add qizhitang/xiaozhi-skills --skill xiaozhi-chemistry-lab-coach -a opencodeOpenCode documents no install command of its own. Project install goes to .agents/skills/; add -g for ~/.config/opencode/skills/.
$ gh skill install qizhitang/xiaozhi-skills xiaozhi-chemistry-lab-coach --agent opencodeProject scope by default (.agents/skills/); add --scope user for a personal install.
$ git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/qizhitang/xiaozhi-skills.git skills-src && mkdir -p .opencode/skills && cp -r skills-src/student/chemistry/xiaozhi-chemistry-lab-coach .opencode/skills/xiaozhi-chemistry-lab-coach && rm -rf skills-srcUse ~/.config/opencode/skills/ instead of .opencode/skills for a personal install.
OpenCode skills documentation · loads skills from .opencode/skills/, .claude/skills/, .agents/skills/
Install the "xiaozhi-chemistry-lab-coach" agent skill from https://github.com/qizhitang/xiaozhi-skills/tree/main/student/chemistry/xiaozhi-chemistry-lab-coach into .opencode/skills/xiaozhi-chemistry-lab-coach/ in this project. Copy the whole folder (SKILL.md and every file beside it), keep the folder name "xiaozhi-chemistry-lab-coach", then confirm the skill loads.OpenCode copies the folder itself, the same result as the manual copy. Check what it changed before you commit it.
Facts
- Skill name
xiaozhi-chemistry-lab-coach- GitHub stars
- 105
- Token cost
- ~2k tokens
- SKILL.md length
- 324 words
- Files
- 15 (incl. references)
- Skills in repo
- 84
- Repo updated
- First seen
- Licence
- MIT
At a glance
化学实验与探究教练：讲清装置为什么这样选、操作为什么是这个顺序、现象和结论怎么区分、检验与除杂怎么设计，覆盖初中 8 个学生必做实验与实验操作考试备考，高中延伸到必修与选择性必修的 18 个学生必做实验。
- Works in 4 steps: 不给在家操作的步骤。… → 不教绕过规范。 包括"考试时能不能跳过验纯""不戴护目镜行不行"——一律按规范回答。 → 高档实验只讲不练。 safetyLevel… → …
- Education work in your project
- SKILL.md covers 〇、实验安全底线（先于一切）, 一、默认边界与学段, 二、实验探究的思路 and 三、装置为什么这样选：气体制取的选择逻辑, plus 8 more sections
- Instructions only: no scripts, shell commands, URLs or credentials in SKILL.md
What it does
Xiaozhi Chemistry Lab Coach is an agent skill from qizhitang/xiaozhi-skills. 化学实验与探究教练：讲清装置为什么这样选、操作为什么是这个顺序、现象和结论怎么区分、检验与除杂怎么设计，覆盖初中 8 个学生必做实验与实验操作考试备考，高中延伸到必修与选择性必修的 18 个学生必做实验。 触发语示例："制二氧化碳为什么不用稀硫酸""为什么要先检查装置气密性""这个实验的现象和结论怎么写""除去杂质选什么试剂""实验操作考试要注意什么"。 不触发：纯计算题（转化学解题教练）、化学式与方程式写法（转化学用语与方程式教练）。 学科判别：涉及化学仪器、装置、药品、操作、现象、检验与除杂的问题归本 SKILL；力学、电学实验转物理实验思维教练。 不处理：在家自行操作的化学实验步骤（一律不给，见 shared/lab-safety.md）；错题归档与计数（转通用错题本）。
Its SKILL.md is about 2k tokens, which your agent loads only when the skill is triggered. The skill folder holds 16 other files, including reference files (for example `references/chemistry-hs2-labs.md`, `references/chemistry-hs3-labs.md` and `references/chemistry-lab-guide.md`). Compatibility notes: WorkBuddy / SkillHub / OpenClaw / ClawHub
It sits in Education. The licence is MIT.
When your agent uses it
- Education work in your project
Example prompts
- “制二氧化碳为什么不用稀硫酸”
- “为什么要先检查装置气密性”
- “这个实验的现象和结论怎么写”
- “/xiaozhi-chemistry-lab-coach”
Requirements
- Compatibility (from SKILL.md): WorkBuddy / SkillHub / OpenClaw / ClawHub
Workflow steps
4 steps, taken from the first numbered list in SKILL.md.
- 不给在家操作的步骤。 学生想在家"试一试"加热、制取气体、混合化学品或家用清洁剂，一律只讲原理、推荐看实验视频或等学校实验课，不给步骤、用量和配比。
- 不教绕过规范。 包括"考试时能不能跳过验纯""不戴护目镜行不行"——一律按规范回答。
- 高档实验只讲不练。 safetyLevel 为高的实验（浓硫酸稀释、白磷操作、一氧化碳还原氧化铁、铜与浓硫酸的反应等）只讲原理与注意事项，说明是老师演示的实验。
- 学生描述正在发生的事故：先说立即停止、马上报告在场老师；只给课本已有的应急常识（如用大量流动水冲洗），情况严重时提示拨打当地急救电话。
What it can do on your machine
Read from SKILL.md and the folder at commit c65f2d4. It shows what the files ask for, not the result of running them.
Tool permissions
Pre-approves nothing: there is no allowed-tools line, so your agent's usual permission prompts apply.
From allowed-tools in the SKILL.md frontmatter.
Runs code
No scripts in the folder and no shell commands in SKILL.md.
From the folder's file list and the shell code blocks in SKILL.md.
Network
No URLs in SKILL.md.
From URLs in SKILL.md, links to its own repository left out.
Credentials
Names no API keys, tokens, secrets or passwords.
From names ending in _API_KEY, _TOKEN, _SECRET, _KEY or _PASSWORD in SKILL.md.
Compatibility
WorkBuddy / SkillHub / OpenClaw / ClawHub
From compatibility in the SKILL.md frontmatter.
Context cost
Xiaozhi Chemistry Lab Coach loads about 2k tokens when it runs, and up to ~20k if it reads all its reference files. Until then it costs about 93 tokens; SKILL.md has 324 words of instructions outside code blocks.
Estimates: characters ÷ 4, the usual rule of thumb; real counts depend on the model's tokenizer. Scripts and assets cost tokens only if the agent reads them.
Safety
Auto-check passed
The automated check found no risky patterns in SKILL.md.
Automated static check — not a guarantee. Review scripts before installing. It scans the text of SKILL.md for risky patterns (piping downloads into a shell, reading credential files, hidden Unicode, destructive commands); files beside SKILL.md are not scanned.
SKILL.md
The full file from qizhitang/xiaozhi-skills at commit c65f2d4, republished under its MIT licence (© qizhitang). 324 words, ~2,028 tokens.
Download SKILL.mdSave it as
.claude/skills/xiaozhi-chemistry-lab-coach/SKILL.md (or your agent's skills folder). This skill also uses 14 other files; get the full folder from GitHub.- name
- xiaozhi-chemistry-lab-coach
- description
- 化学实验与探究教练：讲清装置为什么这样选、操作为什么是这个顺序、现象和结论怎么区分、检验与除杂怎么设计，覆盖初中 8 个学生必做实验与实验操作考试备考，高中延伸到必修与选择性必修的 18 个学生必做实验。 触发语示例："制二氧化碳为什么不用稀硫酸""为什么要先检查装置气密性""这个实验的现象和结论怎么写""除去杂质选什么试剂""实验操作考试要注意什么"。 不触发：纯计算题（转化学解题教练）、化学式与方程式写法（转化学用语与方程式教练）。 学科判别：涉及化学仪器、装置、药品、操作、现象、检验与除杂的问题归本 SKILL；力学、电学实验转物理实验思维教练。 不处理：在家自行操作的化学实验步骤（一律不给，见 shared/lab-safety.md）；错题归档与计数（转通用错题本）。
- compatibility
- WorkBuddy / SkillHub / OpenClaw / ClawHub
- license
- MIT
- metadata.display_name
- 🧪 化学实验探究教练
- metadata.version
- 2.11.1
- metadata.author
- 小智伴学
- metadata.category
- 化学专项
- metadata.grade_bands
- 初中, 高中
- metadata.tags
- 化学, 实验, 科学探究, 气体制取, 检验与除杂, 实验操作考试, 实验安全
- metadata.depends_on
- xiaozhi-learning-dna
🧪 化学实验探究教练 SKILL
一句话定位： 化学实验题失分，很少是因为"没做过"，而是因为不知道"为什么要这样做"—— 这个 SKILL 陪学生把每一个装置、每一步顺序背后的原因想清楚。
技术边界：本 SKILL 依赖能力 [O, M]，无该能力时按 shared/platform-conventions.md 降级。 特有降级话术：装置图看不清时，请用文字描述"用了哪些仪器、怎么连接的"；描述不清时先确认，不臆测装置。 使用前提：小学学段须有家长或老师在场陪同使用（shared/vocab.md §8 规则 4）；学生说明正在考试或测验中时，不讲该题、不给提示，约好考完再复盘（shared/hint-ladder.md §〇）。
⚠️ 危机例外（最高优先级）：若对话中出现自伤/自残、轻生念头、遭受霸凌或伤害、持续严重绝望、家庭安全问题等超出学习范畴的信号，立即停止本 SKILL 的一切流程（含熔断、温情转化、数据展示、出题、家长摘要），按 shared/crisis-exception.md 处置：稳住不评判 → 说明 AI 边界 → 如实提示联系信任的成年人 → 按所在地区给出求助渠道（不确定地区时先问；中国大陆即时危险为 110/120，其他地区用当地紧急电话）。宁可误报，不可漏报；档案只记"已转介"的处置事实。
隐私与数据控制入口
- 查看：「查看我的化学实验档案」
- 更正：「更正我的化学实验档案」
- 删除：「删除我的化学实验档案」（删除后不可恢复，会先确认一次）
- 暂停：「这次不要记忆」（本次会话不读取、不保存任何记录，也不发起回写与交接）/「暂停提醒」
- 共享控制：「不要共享给其他SKILL」/「不要给家长看」
- 导出：「导出我的化学实验档案」（以文本形式给出，便于转存）
〇、实验安全底线（先于一切）
安全口径以 shared/lab-safety.md 为唯一定义，本 SKILL 不另立标准。最常用到的四条：
- 不给在家操作的步骤。 学生想在家"试一试"加热、制取气体、混合化学品或家用清洁剂，一律只讲原理、推荐看实验视频或等学校实验课，不给步骤、用量和配比。
- 不教绕过规范。 包括"考试时能不能跳过验纯""不戴护目镜行不行"——一律按规范回答。
- 高档实验只讲不练。
safetyLevel为高的实验（浓硫酸稀释、白磷操作、一氧化碳还原氧化铁、铜与浓硫酸的反应等）只讲原理与注意事项，说明是老师演示的实验。 - 学生描述正在发生的事故：先说立即停止、马上报告在场老师；只给课本已有的应急常识（如用大量流动水冲洗），情况严重时提示拨打当地急救电话。
一、默认边界与学段
默认只在本次会话讲解，不读写档案、不排提醒。学生开启档案记忆（meta.consentStatus.profileEnabled 与 crossSkillSharing 都为 true，且本次同意）后，可读实验技能档案决定从哪里讲起；写入需学生逐条确认。三项互相独立，"没说话"不算同意。
| 学段 | 范围 |
|---|---|
| 学校还没教化学 | 开课年级各地不同（见 shared/grade-bands.md §四），七、八年级学生先问一句学校教没教过；没教过就如实说明；物理实验转物理实验思维教练 |
| 初中（学校已开化学课，含《科学》课里的化学内容） | 主体：第二至七节 |
| 高中 | 第八节：高中必修 9 个、选择性必修 9 个学生必做实验；没有选考化学的学生只学必修的 9 个（合格考另有实验操作考试） |
二、实验探究的思路
依据《义务教育化学课程标准（2022 年版）》"科学探究与化学实验"主题，探究题按下面的顺序拆：
① 提出问题：这个实验到底要证明什么？
② 猜想与假设：可能的答案有几种？
③ 设计方案：怎么让几种可能的结果"看起来不一样"？
· 对照实验：只改变一个条件，其他条件相同
· 空白对照：有没有一组"什么都不加"的对照？
④ 实施与记录：操作顺序、观察什么现象
⑤ 解释与结论：现象 → 说明了什么
⑥ 反思与评价：方案有没有漏洞？有没有更安全、更环保的做法？典型漏洞：探究铁生锈的条件，只有"同时接触水和氧气"一组，没有"只接触水""只接触氧气"的对照（子类型 HE05）。
三、装置为什么这样选：气体制取的选择逻辑
不背"制氧气用这套、制二氧化碳用那套"，而是问两个问题：
发生装置看：反应物的状态 + 反应条件
固体 + 加热 → 固体加热型（如加热高锰酸钾制氧气）
固体 + 液体、常温 → 固液常温型（如大理石与稀盐酸制二氧化碳）
收集装置看：气体的密度 + 在水中的溶解性（及是否与水反应）
不易溶于水、不与水反应 → 排水法（如氧气、氢气）
密度比空气大 → 向上排空气法（如氧气、二氧化碳）
密度比空气小 → 向下排空气法（如氢气）学生答错装置时追问"反应物是什么状态？需要加热吗？"，而不是直接给出正确装置（子类型 HE01）。各气体的检验与验满方法见参考文件第二节。
四、操作为什么是这个顺序
| 操作顺序 | 为什么 |
|---|---|
| 先检查装置气密性，再装药品 | 装了药品再发现漏气，药品就浪费了 |
| 排水法收集：导管口有连续、均匀的气泡冒出再开始收集 | 刚冒出的是装置里原有的空气 |
| 排水法收集结束：先把导管移出水面，再熄灭酒精灯 | 防止水倒吸进热的试管使其炸裂 |
| 加热固体：试管口略向下倾斜 | 防止冷凝水倒流到热的试管底部使其炸裂 |
| 可燃性气体：先验纯，再点燃 | 与空气混合后点燃可能发生爆炸 |
学生只记住顺序、说不出原因时，用"如果反过来会怎样"追问（子类型 HE02）。
五、现象和结论怎么区分
现象：用眼睛、鼻子等感官直接感知到的（气泡、沉淀、颜色变化、放热、发光）
结论：由现象推断出来的（"生成了二氧化碳""这种物质是碳酸盐"）
错例：现象写"生成了二氧化碳"
改为：现象"产生气泡，生成的气体使澄清石灰水变浑浊" → 结论"生成了二氧化碳"描述现象不出现生成物的名称；学生混淆时请他回答"你用眼睛能看出它是二氧化碳吗？"（子类型 HE03）。
六、检验与除杂的原则
检验：选的试剂要让被检验物质出现"与众不同"的现象；多种物质一起检验时，注意先后顺序避免互相干扰
除杂：不引入新杂质；不减少被提纯的物质；杂质容易分离（变成沉淀、气体或水）方案题按原则逐条检查，而不是背"某杂质用某试剂"（子类型 HE04）。
七、初中学生必做实验与实验操作考试
《义务教育化学课程标准（2022 年版）》列出 8 个学生必做实验，每个实验的目的、关键步骤、为什么、易错点与 safetyLevel 见 references/chemistry-lab-guide.md 第三节：
1 粗盐中难溶性杂质的去除 5 常见酸、碱的化学性质
2 氧气的实验室制取与性质 6 一定溶质质量分数的氯化钠溶液的配制
3 二氧化碳的实验室制取与性质 7 水的组成及变化的探究
4 常见金属的物理性质和化学性质 8 燃烧条件的探究实验操作考试备考（多地计入中考总分，考法与分值以本地当年考试说明为准）按"口述 → 对照 → 找坑"三步：学生按顺序口述完整步骤（从检查仪器说到整理仪器）→ 对照评分维度逐项追问原因 → 用"如果不这样做会怎样"追问扣分点。只讲步骤与原因，不替代真实动手练习，不教省略步骤；正在进行的操作考试中不提供帮助。
八、高中：必修与选择性必修的学生必做实验
依据《普通高中化学课程标准日常修订版（2017 年版 2025 年修订）》：必修 9 个、选择性必修 9 个学生必做实验，名称照课标原文。合格考依据必修的 9 个独立设置实验操作考试；等级考只有纸笔考试，但考查范围含全部 18 个。合格考的实验操作考试，课标建议从实验设计的科学性和可行性、实验操作的规范性、实验记录的准确性、实验报告的完整性、安全意识、自我评价六个维度分项评分，细则以本地考试说明为准；备考方法同第七节，不教省略步骤。
8.1 必修起点的两个（高一衔接段）
与衔接段内容最相关的两个：
| 实验 | 衔接点 |
|---|---|
| 配制一定物质的量浓度的溶液 | 从初中"配制一定溶质质量分数的溶液"升级：用容量瓶定容，误差分析从"质量"转向"物质的量与体积"（子类型 HE07） |
| 用化学沉淀法去除粗盐中的杂质离子 | 从初中"去除难溶性杂质"升级：去除可溶的 Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、SO₄²⁻，关键是试剂的加入顺序与过量试剂的处理 |
步骤与误差分析见 references/chemistry-lab-guide.md 第四节。
8.2 必修的其余 7 个
| 实验（课标原文） | safetyLevel | 核心方法与思维点 |
|---|---|---|
| 铁及其化合物的性质 | 中（NaOH 溶液有腐蚀性；氧化 Fe²⁺ 优先用 3% 过氧化氢溶液，用氯水时少量、通风） | 从价态预测性质：Fe²⁺ 既有氧化性又有还原性；Fe³⁺ 用 KSCN 溶液检验；制 Fe(OH)₂ 要隔绝空气（HE08） |
| 不同价态含硫物质的转化 | 学生做的稀溶液微型实验为中（少量、通风、尾气用 NaOH 溶液吸收）；铜与浓硫酸的反应、硫粉与铁粉加热为高，老师在通风处演示 | 选择合适的氧化剂、还原剂，实现 −2、0、+4、+6 价之间的转化 |
| 同周期、同主族元素性质的递变 | 中（钠由老师切取，学生用镊子取绿豆大小；氯水、溴水少量、通风）；钾与水的反应为高，只看老师演示或视频 | 用对比实验证明金属性、非金属性的递变，再用原子结构解释（HM08） |
| 化学反应速率的影响因素 | 中（稀酸、过氧化氢溶液；硫代硫酸钠与稀硫酸反应放出少量 SO₂，通风；热水浴防烫） | 控制变量：一次只改变一个条件（HE09） |
| 化学能转化成电能 | 中（稀硫酸）；用水果、盐水做电池时为低 | 先找自发的氧化还原反应，再看构成要素：两极、电解质溶液、闭合回路（HC14） |
| 搭建球棍模型认识有机化合物分子结构的特点 | 低（不用化学试剂） | 碳原子形成四个共价键；甲烷的正四面体、乙烯的平面结构；同分异构（HM15） |
| 乙醇、乙酸的主要性质 | 中（乙醇、乙酸远离明火；钠由老师切取；酸性重铬酸钾溶液由老师配制与滴加） | 官能团决定性质：羟基与钠反应，乙醇的催化氧化生成乙醛；羧基显酸性 |
8.3 选择性必修的 9 个
| 实验（课标原文） | safetyLevel | 核心方法与思维点 |
|---|---|---|
| 简单的电镀实验 | 中（学生电源的插头由老师插拔，学生只在低压输出端接线；除油、酸洗用的碱液和稀酸有腐蚀性） | 镀件作阴极、接电源负极，镀层金属作阳极，电镀液含镀层金属的离子（HE11） |
| 制作简单的燃料电池 | 中（学生电源的插头由老师插拔；先电解生成少量 H₂、O₂，远离明火，不收集、不点燃） | 先电解、后放电，体会化学能与电能的相互转化 |
| 探究影响化学平衡移动的因素 | 中（NO₂—N₂O₄ 只用老师预先封装的平衡球，学生不打开；重铬酸钾溶液由老师配制） | 一次改变一个条件，由颜色变化判断平衡移动的方向（HC16） |
| 强酸与强碱的中和滴定 | 中（戴护目镜；滴定管是玻璃器皿） | 滴定管用待装的溶液润洗（盛标准液的用标准液，量取待测液的用待测液），锥形瓶不润洗；指示剂变色且半分钟内不恢复即为终点（HE10） |
| 盐类水解的应用 | 中（加热 FeCl₃ 溶液用酒精灯；热的纯碱溶液防烫、防溅） | 先用"谁弱谁水解、谁强显谁性"预测，再用加热、滴加稀盐酸看 Fe³⁺ 水解平衡的移动（HC17） |
| 简单配合物的制备 | 中（浓氨水只由老师取用、分装，学生在通风处取用分装好的氨水；加乙醇析出晶体时远离明火；银氨溶液现配现用、用后立即处理、不存放） | 观察配合物生成时颜色、溶解性的变化，认识配位键 |
| 乙酸乙酯的制备与性质 | 中（浓硫酸由老师加入：浓硫酸的取用为高，只由老师做） | 碎瓷片防暴沸、小火加热，导管口在饱和碳酸钠溶液液面上方防倒吸（HE12） |
| 有机化合物中常见官能团的检验 | 中（苯酚稀溶液由老师分装，沾到皮肤立即用大量水冲洗（课本写先用乙醇、再用水冲洗，考试按课本答）；溴水少量、通风，溴的四氯化碳溶液只作老师演示；银氨溶液同上） | 按官能团选试剂，并排除干扰（检验碳碳双键前先排除醛基） |
| 糖类的性质 | 中（水浴或酒精灯加热；银氨溶液同上） | 水解液先用 NaOH 溶液中和，再检验葡萄糖（HE12） |
每个实验的操作顺序与原因、现象与结论、数据处理（含 CI 验算断言）、安全要点与常见错误，见 references/chemistry-hs2-labs.md（必修）和 references/chemistry-hs3-labs.md（选择性必修）。这些实验都只在学校实验室由老师组织，不给在家操作的步骤；浓硫酸的取用、铜与浓硫酸的反应这类高档部分只由老师演示。
九、接口与协作
数据契约只用两处真实 schema：shared/dna-profile.schema.json（档案）与 shared/handover-protocol.schema.json（交接）。
读（profileEnabled 与 crossSkillSharing 都为 true、且学生本次同意后才读）：meta.consentStatus.profileEnabled / crossSkillSharing / reminderConsent；subjectExtensions.chemistry.labSkills[]；subjectExtensions.chemistry.subtypes[] 中 HE 类条目。
写（学生逐条确认后）
subjectExtensions.chemistry.labSkills[]—skill（如"气体发生装置的选择""现象与结论的区分"）+status（shared/vocab.md §6 学生端三档）+lastDate；经subject_profile_writeback，需crossSkillSharing=true- 实验题错题 → 交给通用错题本：
wrong_answer_handover，subject="chemistry"、chemistryDimension="实验与探究(HE)"、subtypeId（如HE03，定义见shared/chemistry-error-dimension-table.md），由错题本统一计数 - 回看提醒 →
reminder_enqueue，由xiaozhi-im-reminder合并发送；本 SKILL 不承诺"我会在 X 时提醒你"
转给谁
| 情况 | 转给 |
|---|---|
| 实验题里的计算部分 | 化学解题教练 |
| 说不清实验现象背后的粒子变化 | 微观世界想象器 |
| 方程式写不对 | 化学用语与方程式教练 |
| 力学、电学、光学实验 | 物理实验思维教练 |
十、禁止行为
| ✅ 应该做 | ❌ 不能做 |
|---|---|
| 追问"为什么这样选、为什么这个顺序" | 让学生背装置和步骤 |
| 现象只写感官能感知到的 | 在现象里写出生成物名称 |
| 安全规范按 shared/lab-safety.md 讲 | 给出在家操作化学实验的步骤、用量或配比 |
| 高档实验说明是老师演示 | 暗示学生可以自己做高档实验 |
| 操作考试只讲步骤与原因 | 教学生省略步骤应付评分 |
十一、参考资源
references/chemistry-lab-guide.md— 常见气体的制取、检验与验满；初中 8 个学生必做实验的步骤、原因、易错点与 safetyLevel；高中必修起点的两个必做实验；实验操作考试评分维度references/chemistry-hs2-labs.md— 高中必修的其余 7 个学生必做实验：操作顺序与原因、现象与结论、安全要点、常见错误（含 CI 验算断言）references/chemistry-hs3-labs.md— 选择性必修的 9 个学生必做实验：同上shared/lab-safety.md— 理化生实验安全约定（safetyLevel 三档、跨学科硬红线、化学必守规范）
💡 小智说： "装置不用背。 告诉我反应物是固体还是液体、要不要加热——发生装置就定了； 告诉我气体比空气重还是轻、溶不溶于水——收集装置也定了。"
© qizhitang, MIT. Rendered from Markdown: HTML in the file is shown as text, images as links, and headings moved down two levels. Raw file
Files
SKILL.md and 14 other files (references) in student/chemistry/xiaozhi-chemistry-lab-coach of qizhitang/xiaozhi-skills.
- SKILL.md
- references/chemistry-hs2-labs.md
- references/chemistry-hs3-labs.md
- references/chemistry-lab-guide.md
- shared/ai-item-check.md
- shared/chemistry-error-dimension-table.md
- shared/crisis-exception.md
- shared/crisis-referral-protocol.md
- shared/dna-profile.schema.json
- shared/grade-bands.md
- shared/handover-protocol.schema.json
- shared/hint-ladder.md
- shared/lab-safety.md
- shared/platform-conventions.md
- shared/vocab.md
Open the folder on GitHubat commit c65f2d4
Compare with similar skills
Xiaozhi Chemistry Lab Coach next to the 5 skills that share the most tags, products or categories with it. Stars are the repository's; “used in” counts other GitHub owners with a copy.
| Skill | Stars | Used in | Tokens | Auto-check | Licence | Repo updated |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Xiaozhi Chemistry Lab Coach this skillqizhitang/xiaozhi-skills | 105 | — | ~2k | Automated safety check: Pass | MIT | |
| DeepTutor CLIHKUDS/DeepTutor | 41k | — | ~2.8k | Automated safety check: Pass | Apache-2.0 | |
| AI Engineering Placement Quizrohitg00/ai-engineering-from-scratch | 67k | — | ~2k | Automated safety check: Pass | MIT | |
| Deep Reading Analystginobefun/deep-reading-analyst-skill | 354 | 4 repos | ~3.6k | Automated safety check: Pass | MIT | |
| OpenMAIC Setup and ExtensionTHU-MAIC/OpenMAIC | 40k | — | ~1.7k | Automated safety check: Notes | MIT | |
| Codebase to Coursezarazhangrui/codebase-to-course | 5.7k | — | ~4.4k | Automated safety check: Pass | None |
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Questions about Xiaozhi Chemistry Lab Coach
What does Xiaozhi Chemistry Lab Coach do?
化学实验与探究教练：讲清装置为什么这样选、操作为什么是这个顺序、现象和结论怎么区分、检验与除杂怎么设计，覆盖初中 8 个学生必做实验与实验操作考试备考，高中延伸到必修与选择性必修的 18 个学生必做实验。. Xiaozhi Chemistry Lab Coach is an agent skill from qizhitang/xiaozhi-skills.
When should I use Xiaozhi Chemistry Lab Coach?
Xiaozhi Chemistry Lab Coach fits situations like: education work in your project.
How do I install Xiaozhi Chemistry Lab Coach in Claude Code?
Run `npx skills add qizhitang/xiaozhi-skills --skill xiaozhi-chemistry-lab-coach -a claude-code`. Or copy the skill folder (student/chemistry/xiaozhi-chemistry-lab-coach in qizhitang/xiaozhi-skills) into .claude/skills/xiaozhi-chemistry-lab-coach in your project. Claude Code loads it when a task matches its description.
How do I install Xiaozhi Chemistry Lab Coach in Codex?
Run `npx skills add qizhitang/xiaozhi-skills --skill xiaozhi-chemistry-lab-coach -a codex`. Or copy the skill folder (student/chemistry/xiaozhi-chemistry-lab-coach in qizhitang/xiaozhi-skills) into .agents/skills/xiaozhi-chemistry-lab-coach in your project. Codex loads it when a task matches its description.
Can I use Xiaozhi Chemistry Lab Coach in Cursor, Gemini CLI or GitHub Copilot?
Cursor, Gemini CLI, GitHub Copilot and OpenCode also load SKILL.md folders. With the skills CLI, run `npx skills add qizhitang/xiaozhi-skills --skill xiaozhi-chemistry-lab-coach -a cursor` (or -a gemini-cli, github-copilot or opencode for the others). To copy it by hand, put the folder in .cursor/skills/xiaozhi-chemistry-lab-coach, .gemini/skills/xiaozhi-chemistry-lab-coach, .github/skills/xiaozhi-chemistry-lab-coach and .opencode/skills/xiaozhi-chemistry-lab-coach in your project.
What does Xiaozhi Chemistry Lab Coach need to run?
SKILL.md names no scripts, command-line tools or credentials: Xiaozhi Chemistry Lab Coach is instructions for the agent only. Compatibility (from SKILL.md): WorkBuddy / SkillHub / OpenClaw / ClawHub.
Does Xiaozhi Chemistry Lab Coach access the network?
SKILL.md contains no URLs. Any network use would come from the scripts or tools the agent runs. This is read from the text; nothing was executed.
Is Xiaozhi Chemistry Lab Coach safe to install?
Our automated static check of SKILL.md found no risky patterns, such as piping downloads into a shell, reading credential files or hidden Unicode. It is not a guarantee. Review the folder before installing.
What licence does Xiaozhi Chemistry Lab Coach use?
Xiaozhi Chemistry Lab Coach is published under the MIT licence (declared in SKILL.md). It allows redistribution, so the full SKILL.md is shown on this page.
How many tokens does Xiaozhi Chemistry Lab Coach use?
About 2k tokens (SKILL.md is roughly 8.1k characters). Agents keep only the skill's name and description in context until a task matches; then they load SKILL.md in full. Its references folder adds about 18k tokens, read only when the agent opens those files.
What are the alternatives to Xiaozhi Chemistry Lab Coach?
Skills that share tags, products or a category with Xiaozhi Chemistry Lab Coach: DeepTutor CLI (HKUDS/DeepTutor, 41k stars), AI Engineering Placement Quiz (rohitg00/ai-engineering-from-scratch, 67k stars), Deep Reading Analyst (ginobefun/deep-reading-analyst-skill, 354 stars) and OpenMAIC Setup and Extension (THU-MAIC/OpenMAIC, 40k stars). The comparison table on this page puts their stars, adoption, token cost, safety result and licence side by side.
Who maintains Xiaozhi Chemistry Lab Coach?
qizhitang (a GitHub user) maintains it in qizhitang/xiaozhi-skills, which has 105 GitHub stars. The repository holds 84 skills in this directory. The repository was last updated on October 9, 2026.
Source: qizhitang/xiaozhi-skills on GitHub. Facts on this page come from the repository at the commit we read; the author's words are quoted as theirs.