Agent skill

Cross Chain Timing

by PlamenTSV in PlamenTSV/plamen

Trigger Pattern wormhole|allbridge|debridge|bridge|crosschain|vaa|guardian|emitter|LayerZero|CCIP|nonce.sequence|relay - Inject Into Breadth agents, depth-external

MITAuto-check passed

Install Cross Chain Timing

skills CLI
$ npx skills add PlamenTSV/plamen --skill cross-chain-timing -a claude-code

Project install by default; add -g for ~/.claude/skills/.

GitHub CLI
$ gh skill install PlamenTSV/plamen cross-chain-timing --agent claude-code

Project scope by default; add --scope user for a personal install. Needs GitHub CLI 2.90.0 or later (public preview).

Manual copy
$ git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/PlamenTSV/plamen.git skills-src && mkdir -p .claude/skills && cp -r skills-src/agents/skills/solana/cross-chain-timing .claude/skills/cross-chain-timing && rm -rf skills-src

Use ~/.claude/skills/ instead of .claude/skills for a personal install. The folder must contain SKILL.md.

Claude Code skills documentation · loads skills from .claude/skills/

Facts

Skill name
cross-chain-timing
GitHub stars
303
Token cost
~3.4k tokens
SKILL.md length
1,340 words
Files
1
Skills in repo
87
Repo updated
First seen
Licence
MIT

At a glance

Trigger Pattern wormhole|allbridge|debridge|bridge|crosschain|vaa|guardian|emitter|LayerZero|CCIP|nonce.sequence|relay - Inject Into Breadth agents, depth-external

  • Works in 7 steps: Identify Cross-Chain Messaging… → Cross-Chain Message Verification Audit → Timing Window Analysis → …
  • Pattern wormhole|allbridge|debridge|bridge|crosschain|vaa|guardian|emitter|LayerZero|CCIP|nonce.sequence|relay - Inject Into Breadth agents
  • SKILL.md covers Step 1: Identify Cross-Chain…, Step 2: Cross-Chain Message…, Step 3: Timing Window Analysis and Step 4: Account Creation…, plus 8 more sections
  • Instructions only: no scripts, shell commands, URLs or credentials in SKILL.md

What it does

Cross Chain Timing is an agent skill from PlamenTSV/plamen. Trigger Pattern wormhole|allbridge|debridge|bridge|crosschain|vaa|guardian|emitter|LayerZero|CCIP|nonce.sequence|relay - Inject Into Breadth agents, depth-external

Its SKILL.md is about 3.4k tokens, which your agent loads only when the skill is triggered. It is a single SKILL.md file with no bundled scripts.

It works with Solana. The repository describes itself as: Autonomous Web3 security audit agent for Claude Code. The licence is MIT.

When your agent uses it

  • Pattern wormhole|allbridge|debridge|bridge|crosschain|vaa|guardian|emitter|LayerZero|CCIP|nonce.sequence|relay - Inject Into Breadth agents

Example prompts

  • “/cross-chain-timing”

Workflow steps

7 steps, taken from the step headings in SKILL.md.

  1. Identify Cross-Chain Messaging Infrastructure
  2. Cross-Chain Message Verification Audit
  3. Timing Window Analysis
  4. Account Creation Requirements
  5. Nonce and Sequence Management
  6. Cross-Chain Price Relay Audit
  7. Quantify Arbitrage Viability

What it can do on your machine

Read from SKILL.md and the folder at commit 795962b. It shows what the files ask for, not the result of running them.

  • Tool permissions

    Pre-approves nothing: there is no allowed-tools line, so your agent's usual permission prompts apply.

    From allowed-tools in the SKILL.md frontmatter.

  • Runs code

    No scripts in the folder and no shell commands in SKILL.md.

    From the folder's file list and the shell code blocks in SKILL.md.

  • Network

    No URLs in SKILL.md.

    From URLs in SKILL.md, links to its own repository left out.

  • Credentials

    Names no API keys, tokens, secrets or passwords.

    From names ending in _API_KEY, _TOKEN, _SECRET, _KEY or _PASSWORD in SKILL.md.

Context cost

Cross Chain Timing loads about 3.4k tokens when it runs. Until then it costs about 46 tokens; SKILL.md has 1,340 words of instructions outside code blocks.

Always · name and description, kept in context so the agent knows when to use it
~46
When it runs · the whole SKILL.md, loaded when a task matches
~3.4k

Estimates: characters ÷ 4, the usual rule of thumb; real counts depend on the model's tokenizer. Scripts and assets cost tokens only if the agent reads them.

Safety

Auto-check passed

The automated check found no risky patterns in SKILL.md.

Automated static check — not a guarantee. Review scripts before installing. It scans the text of SKILL.md for risky patterns (piping downloads into a shell, reading credential files, hidden Unicode, destructive commands); files beside SKILL.md are not scanned.

SKILL.md

The full file from PlamenTSV/plamen at commit 795962b, republished under its MIT licence (© PlamenTSV). 1,340 words, ~3,441 tokens.

Download SKILL.mdSave it as .claude/skills/cross-chain-timing/SKILL.md (or your agent's skills folder).
name
cross-chain-timing
description
Trigger Pattern wormhole|allbridge|debridge|bridge|cross_chain|vaa|guardian|emitter|LayerZero|CCIP|nonce.sequence|relay - Inject Into Breadth agents, depth-external

CROSS_CHAIN_TIMING Skill (Solana)

Trigger Pattern: wormhole|allbridge|debridge|bridge|cross_chain|vaa|guardian|emitter|LayerZero|CCIP|nonce.*sequence|relay Inject Into: Breadth agents, depth-external Finding prefix: [CCT-N] Rules referenced: R1, R2, R4, R8, R10, R16

Covers: cross-chain message verification, timing asymmetry between Solana and other chains, account creation requirements, nonce/sequence replay protection, and cross-chain price relay staleness.

Solana's fast finality (~400ms optimistic, ~30s confirmed/rooted) creates a fundamental timing asymmetry with slower chains (Ethereum ~12min, rollups 10-60min). This asymmetry is the primary attack vector for cross-chain timing exploits on Solana.


Step 1: Identify Cross-Chain Messaging Infrastructure

Find all cross-chain messaging calls and infrastructure:

#Bridge/ProtocolDirectionSolana InstructionRemote ChainMessage Type
1{Wormhole/Allbridge/deBridge/custom}{Solana->Remote / Remote->Solana}{instruction name}{Ethereum/Arbitrum/etc.}{token transfer / state sync / price relay / governance}
Wormhole-Specific Inventory

If Wormhole is detected:

ComponentInstruction/AccountPurposeLocation
VAA Verificationverify_signatures + post_vaaGuardian signature verification{file:line}
Message Postingpost_messageSend message from Solana{file:line}
Token Bridgecomplete_transfer / create_wrappedToken bridging{file:line}
Emitter AccountPDA (emitter seeds)Message source identity{file:line}
Allbridge/deBridge-Specific Inventory

If Allbridge or deBridge detected:

ComponentAccount/InstructionVerification MethodLocation
Message Account{account type}{signature/merkle/optimistic}{file:line}
Relayer{relayer constraint}{how relayer is validated}{file:line}
Nonce Tracking{nonce account}{replay prevention method}{file:line}

Step 2: Cross-Chain Message Verification Audit

For EACH inbound cross-chain message consumed by the program:

2a. Wormhole VAA Verification Checklist
#CheckStatusLocationNotes
1Guardian signature count >= quorum (13/19)YES/NO{line}Check: does protocol verify vaa.guardian_set_index is current?
2Guardian set is current (not expired)YES/NO{line}Old guardian sets may be compromised
3Emitter chain ID validatedYES/NO{line}Reject messages from unexpected source chains
4Emitter address validatedYES/NO{line}Reject messages from unexpected contracts on source chain
5Sequence number replay checkYES/NO{line}Each VAA sequence should be processed exactly once
6Consistency level validatedYES/NO{line}finalized vs confirmed - determines security guarantee
7Payload format validatedYES/NO{line}Malformed payload handling
8VAA account owner is Wormhole programYES/NO{line}Prevents fake VAA account substitution

Critical: Missing checks 1-5 = CRITICAL (arbitrary cross-chain message injection). Missing checks 6-8 = HIGH (message quality/integrity issues).

2b. Generic Bridge Verification

For non-Wormhole bridges:

#CheckStatusLocationNotes
1Message source authenticated (signatures/proofs)YES/NO{line}
2Source chain ID validatedYES/NO{line}
3Source contract/address validatedYES/NO{line}
4Replay protection (nonce/sequence/bitmap)YES/NO{line}
5Message freshness (timestamp/block check)YES/NO{line}
6Relayer authorization (if applicable)YES/NO{line}

Step 3: Timing Window Analysis

3a. Finality Asymmetry Model
ChainOptimistic FinalityConfirmed FinalityProtocol Assumes
Solana~400ms (processed)~30s (rooted/finalized){which level?}
{Remote Chain}{time}{time}{which level?}
Asymmetry Window--{max delay between chains}

Critical question: When Solana processes a message about remote chain state, how old can that state be? Compute: max_staleness = remote_finality + bridge_relay_delay + solana_processing_time

3b. Stale State Usage Trace

For each piece of state synced cross-chain:

State VariableSource ChainSync TriggerMax StalenessSolana Functions Using ItFresh Required?
{state}{chain}{event/periodic/manual}{time estimate}{list instructions}YES/NO

For each dependent instruction on Solana:

  • Is fresh state required or is stale acceptable?
  • What decisions are made with potentially stale data?
  • Can an attacker exploit the staleness window?
3c. Solana-to-Remote Timing Attack

Solana's fast finality means actions on Solana are visible almost immediately, but take time to propagate to remote chains:

1. Attacker acts on Solana (visible in ~400ms)
2. Solana message posted via bridge (begins relay)
3. TIMING WINDOW: Remote chain does not yet know about Solana action
4. Attacker acts on remote chain using pre-Solana-action state
5. Bridge message arrives on remote chain - state updates
6. Attacker profited from acting on both chains during asymmetry
3d. Remote-to-Solana Timing Attack
1. State changes on remote chain (e.g., price moves, governance action)
2. Bridge message relay begins (latency: {estimate})
3. TIMING WINDOW: Solana still uses old remote state
4. Attacker acts on Solana using stale remote state
5. Bridge message arrives on Solana - state updates
6. Attacker profited from Solana action with stale state

Step 4: Account Creation Requirements

Cross-chain operations on Solana have unique account requirements:

#CheckStatusNotes
1Recipient token account exists (ATA) before transfer arrival?YES/NOIf NO: who creates it? Who pays rent?
2init_if_needed used for receiver accounts?YES/NOIf YES: check for re-initialization risk
3What happens if recipient account does not exist?{revert/skip/queue}Reverted transfers may be lost
4Can attacker close recipient ATA before message arrives?YES/NOToken account close + re-create with different owner
5Are PDAs used for cross-chain escrow?YES/NOCheck PDA seed uniqueness per message
6Is there a recovery mechanism for failed deliveries?YES/NOLost funds if no recovery

Critical Solana pattern: Cross-chain token transfers require the destination ATA to exist. If it does not:

  • Some bridges revert and the tokens are stuck on the source chain
  • Some bridges create the ATA (who pays rent-exempt minimum?)
  • Some bridges queue the transfer for later claim (is the queue unbounded?)

Step 5: Nonce and Sequence Management

#CheckStatusLocationNotes
1Replay protection existsYES/NO{line}Method: {bitmap/counter/hash set/PDA per message}
2Replay check is BEFORE state changesYES/NO{line}If after: partial replay possible
3Out-of-order messages handledYES/NO{line}Strict ordering vs any-order processing
4Sequence gaps handledYES/NO{line}What if message N+1 arrives before N?
5Nonce account sized for growthYES/NO{line}Bitmap may run out of space
6Double-spend across chainsYES/NO{line}Same asset spent on both chains during relay

Solana replay patterns:

  • PDA per message: Derive PDA from message hash/sequence. If PDA exists, already processed. Reliable but creates many accounts.
  • Bitmap account: Store processed sequences as bits. Space-efficient but must handle bitmap growth.
  • Counter: Only process sequence N if N-1 was processed. Enforces ordering but blocks on gaps.

Show full SKILL.md (515 more words)Show less

Step 6: Cross-Chain Price Relay Audit

If oracle prices are relayed cross-chain:

#CheckStatusNotes
1Price freshness validated on Solana sideYES/NOMax acceptable age?
2Price source authenticatedYES/NOCan fake price be relayed?
3Price deviation boundsYES/NOMax delta from last known price?
4Fallback if relay is delayed/offlineYES/NOWhat happens to price-dependent operations?
5Flash loan on source chain can manipulate relayed priceYES/NOIs source chain price spot or TWAP?

Staleness calculation: relay_staleness = source_price_age + bridge_latency + solana_processing

If relay_staleness > acceptable_threshold at worst case, price is stale. Apply Rule 16 (Oracle Integrity).


Step 7: Quantify Arbitrage Viability

1. Attacker monitors {SOURCE_CHAIN} for state changes at {MONITOR_POINT}
2. State change triggers sync message (latency window opens: {LATENCY_ESTIMATE})
3. Attacker executes on Solana at {EXPLOIT_INSTRUCTION} using stale {STALE_STATE}
4. Sync message arrives, state updates on Solana
5. Profit = {PROFIT_FORMULA}
6. Cost = bridge_fees + Solana_tx_fees + capital_lockup_cost + Jito_tip
7. Viable if: profit > cost AND repeatable

Solana cost model: Solana transaction fees are very low (~5000 lamports base + priority fee). The primary cost is capital lockup and bridge fees, not gas. This makes small-margin attacks more viable on Solana than EVM.


Key Questions (must answer all)

  1. What is the realistic sync latency for {BRIDGE_PROTOCOL}? (cite documentation)
  2. Can an attacker monitor the remote chain and front-run sync on Solana? (Solana's low fees make this cheap)
  3. What is the maximum state change during normal operation within the sync window?
  4. Is this attack repeatable or one-time?
  5. Are recipient accounts pre-created, or must they be created on arrival?
  6. Is replay protection complete (covers all message types, all chains)?
  7. Can an attacker exploit Solana's fast finality to act before the remote chain sees Solana state?
  8. Are cross-chain prices validated for freshness AND deviation bounds?

Common False Positives

  • Monotonic state: If synced state only increases, arbitrage may not be profitable in both directions
  • Negligible delta: If max delta during sync window is <0.1%, may not be economically viable after bridge fees
  • Rate limiting: If operations have cooldowns longer than sync latency, window may not be exploitable
  • Confirmed finality enforcement: If protocol requires rooted/finalized Solana confirmations before processing, timing window is ~30s (larger but more reliable)
  • Bridge-level protections: Some bridges (Wormhole) have rate limiting or value caps that bound exploitation

Instantiation Parameters

{CONTRACTS}           - Programs to analyze
{BRIDGE_PROTOCOL}     - Specific bridge (Wormhole, Allbridge, deBridge, custom)
{SYNC_POINT}          - Instruction where cross-chain state is consumed
{DEPENDENT_FUNCTIONS} - Instructions that read synced state
{SOURCE_CHAIN}        - Chain where state originates
{MONITOR_POINT}       - What attacker monitors on source chain
{EXPLOIT_INSTRUCTION} - Instruction attacker calls on Solana
{STALE_STATE}         - Specific state that becomes stale
{LATENCY_ESTIMATE}    - Realistic bridge latency

Output Schema

FieldRequiredDescription
bridge_inventoryyesAll cross-chain messaging infrastructure
verification_audityesVAA/message verification completeness
timing_windowsyesAsymmetry windows with duration estimates
account_creationyesRecipient account requirements and failure modes
replay_protectionyesNonce/sequence management assessment
price_relay_auditif applicableCross-chain price freshness and manipulation risk
arbitrage_viabilityyesQuantified attack profitability or NOT_VIABLE
findingyesCONFIRMED / REFUTED / CONTESTED
evidenceyesCode locations with line numbers
step_executionyesStatus for each step

Step Execution Checklist (MANDATORY)

StepRequiredCompleted?Notes
1. Identify Cross-Chain Messaging InfrastructureYES
2. Cross-Chain Message Verification AuditYES
3. Timing Window Analysis (both directions)YES
4. Account Creation RequirementsYES
5. Nonce and Sequence ManagementYES
6. Cross-Chain Price Relay AuditIF price relay detected
7. Quantify Arbitrage ViabilityYES
Cross-Reference Markers

After Step 2: If VAA verification is incomplete -> immediate finding, do not wait for timing analysis.

After Step 3: Feed timing windows to TEMPORAL_PARAMETER_STALENESS skill for parameters cached across chain boundaries.

After Step 4: If account creation can fail -> cross-reference with ACCOUNT_LIFECYCLE skill for stranded asset analysis (Rule 9).

After Step 6: Feed price staleness findings to ORACLE_ANALYSIS (Solana version) if applicable.

© PlamenTSV, MIT. Rendered from Markdown: HTML in the file is shown as text, images as links, and headings moved down two levels. Raw file

Files

Just SKILL.md in agents/skills/solana/cross-chain-timing of PlamenTSV/plamen.

Open the folder on GitHubat commit 795962b

Compare with similar skills

Cross Chain Timing next to the 5 skills that share the most tags, products or categories with it. Stars are the repository's; “used in” counts other GitHub owners with a copy.

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Minara Crypto Trading and WalletMinara-AI/minara-skills362—~5.7kAutomated safety check: PassNone

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Works with

Questions about Cross Chain Timing

What does Cross Chain Timing do?

Trigger Pattern wormhole|allbridge|debridge|bridge|crosschain|vaa|guardian|emitter|LayerZero|CCIP|nonce.sequence|relay - Inject Into Breadth agents, depth-external. Cross Chain Timing is an agent skill from PlamenTSV/plamen.

When should I use Cross Chain Timing?

Cross Chain Timing fits situations like: pattern wormhole|allbridge|debridge|bridge|crosschain|vaa|guardian|emitter|LayerZero|CCIP|nonce.sequence|relay - Inject Into Breadth agents.

How do I install Cross Chain Timing in Claude Code?

Run `npx skills add PlamenTSV/plamen --skill cross-chain-timing -a claude-code`. Or copy the skill folder (agents/skills/solana/cross-chain-timing in PlamenTSV/plamen) into .claude/skills/cross-chain-timing in your project. Claude Code loads it when a task matches its description.

How do I install Cross Chain Timing in Codex?

Run `npx skills add PlamenTSV/plamen --skill cross-chain-timing -a codex`. Or copy the skill folder (agents/skills/solana/cross-chain-timing in PlamenTSV/plamen) into .agents/skills/cross-chain-timing in your project. Codex loads it when a task matches its description.

Can I use Cross Chain Timing in Cursor, Gemini CLI or GitHub Copilot?

Cursor, Gemini CLI, GitHub Copilot and OpenCode also load SKILL.md folders. With the skills CLI, run `npx skills add PlamenTSV/plamen --skill cross-chain-timing -a cursor` (or -a gemini-cli, github-copilot or opencode for the others). To copy it by hand, put the folder in .cursor/skills/cross-chain-timing, .gemini/skills/cross-chain-timing, .github/skills/cross-chain-timing and .opencode/skills/cross-chain-timing in your project.

What does Cross Chain Timing need to run?

SKILL.md names no scripts, command-line tools or credentials: Cross Chain Timing is instructions for the agent only.

Does Cross Chain Timing access the network?

SKILL.md contains no URLs. Any network use would come from the scripts or tools the agent runs. This is read from the text; nothing was executed.

Is Cross Chain Timing safe to install?

Our automated static check of SKILL.md found no risky patterns, such as piping downloads into a shell, reading credential files or hidden Unicode. It is not a guarantee. Review the folder before installing.

What licence does Cross Chain Timing use?

Cross Chain Timing is published under the MIT licence (the repository's licence). It allows redistribution, so the full SKILL.md is shown on this page.

How many tokens does Cross Chain Timing use?

About 3.4k tokens (SKILL.md is roughly 14k characters). Agents keep only the skill's name and description in context until a task matches; then they load SKILL.md in full.

What are the alternatives to Cross Chain Timing?

Skills that share tags, products or a category with Cross Chain Timing: Solana Dev (solana-foundation/solana-dev-skill, 573 stars), Meme Coin Security Audit (awarexone/Agentic-Bug-Hunter, 5.3k stars), Swapper Deposit (swapperfinance/swapper-toolkit, 852 stars) and PNP Prediction Markets on Solana (internet-court/internet-court-skill, 6.6k stars). The comparison table on this page puts their stars, adoption, token cost, safety result and licence side by side.

Who maintains Cross Chain Timing?

PlamenTSV (a GitHub user) maintains it in PlamenTSV/plamen, which has 303 GitHub stars. The repository holds 87 skills in this directory. The repository was last updated on September 26, 2026.

Source: PlamenTSV/plamen on GitHub. Facts on this page come from the repository at the commit we read; the author's words are quoted as theirs.