Test Migration

<objective>
A framework migration is where coverage quietly leaks: twenty old tests become fifteen new ones, a flaky Selenium test is faithfully reproduced as a flaky Playwright test, and the old safety-net suite gets deleted a sprint too early. This skill migrates incrementally with both suites running in CI until parity is proven — so the new suite earns the decommission, you don't just assert it.
</objective>

Quick Route

Discovery Questions

Check .agents/qa-project-context.md first. If it exists, use it as context and skip questions already answered there.

Current state:

• What framework are you migrating from and to? (drives the translation tables and which guide section applies)
• How many tests exist, and what is the current flakiness/skip rate? (migrating a flaky test reproduces the flakiness; skipped tests may not be worth migrating)
• Is there a coverage number today? (baseline for the parity track)

Test infrastructure:

• What supporting infrastructure exists? (page objects, custom commands, fixtures, data factories — these migrate before tests)
• How is auth/session handled? (login flows are the most common silent-breakage point — see Failure Modes)
• What CI pipeline runs the tests, and can both frameworks run simultaneously? (parallel-run is non-negotiable)

Constraints:

• Timeline pressure? (urgent = framework EOL like Protractor; comfortable = modernization)
• Budget to run both suites during migration? (double CI cost, temporarily)
• Team's familiarity with the target framework? (training gap drives the workshop/pairing plan)

Core Principles

1. Incremental over big bang

A big-bang rewrite — all tests at once — is the highest-risk approach. It freezes test development for weeks, lands a large batch of unproven tests in one drop, and removes the proven safety net before the replacement exists. Always migrate one test, one module at a time.

2. Parallel run until parity

Run both suites in CI until the new one provides at least the coverage of the old one. The old suite is your safety net; keep it non-blocking but present. Do not decommission until the new suite has caught real regressions over multiple sprints.

3. Migrate highest-value tests first

Start with critical user journeys, frequently-failing tests (which benefit most from a better framework), and high-risk areas. Save low-value tests for last — some are not worth migrating at all, and that's a valid, documented decision.

4. Modernize patterns during migration, don't just translate

Translating a bad Selenium test into a bad Playwright test wastes the opportunity. For each test ask "how would I write this from scratch in the target framework?" — user-facing locators, auto-waiting, fixtures. This applies tenfold to AI-codemod output (see Anti-Patterns).

Migration Workflow

Six phases for a typical multi-sprint migration. Use the checklists inline; heavy code lives in references.

Phase 1 — Audit existing suite (Week 1). Count tests by category, skipped/flaky percentage, coverage if measured, runtime, page-object/utility files, custom plugins, CI stages. Then categorize each test: Critical (revenue flows) → High (core journeys) → Medium (secondary) → Low (admin/edge) → Skip (disabled, duplicate, obsolete). This priority order drives everything downstream.

Phase 2 — Set up target framework (Week 1-2). Install alongside the old one. Create the config (playwright.config.ts / vitest.config.ts), a separate test directory, a non-blocking CI stage, one smoke test to prove the setup, reporters matching the existing format, shared env/secrets.

Phase 3 — Migrate shared infrastructure (Week 2-3). Infrastructure before tests, in this order: base page object/test base → auth helpers → API client helpers → common page objects (nav/header/footer) → data factories → custom assertions → feature-specific page objects (with their tests). Capture storageState here so migrated tests skip the login flow.

Phase 4 — Migrate tests by priority (Week 3-8+). Per test: read the old one and understand what it actually verifies → write the new one from scratch with modern patterns (do not line-by-line translate) → run locally green → run in CI green → tag the old one "migrated" (don't delete) → after one sprint of parallel passing, delete the old one.

Phase 5 — Parallel run in CI (throughout). Both suites run every pipeline. The legacy suite stays non-blocking (continue-on-error: true) until the new suite reaches parity; then flip blocking onto the new suite and remove the old job. See references/parallel-ci.md for the full GitHub Actions workflow.

Phase 6 — Decommission old framework (final). Only after parity + stability: all critical/high tests migrated, new suite green in CI for 2+ consecutive sprints, new-suite flakiness ≤ old, coverage comparison shows no regression, team writing new tests in the new framework for 2+ sprints. Then remove old deps from package.json, delete old test files (not just disable), update CI to run only the new suite, update docs.

Automated Migration Tooling

There is no AI magic button. Pick the right first-pass tool by path, then refine by hand using references/framework-guides.md.

Avoid: npx playwright migrate — there is no such built-in Playwright CLI command; the instruction fails at the terminal (verified June 2026). Use cy2pw or the community CLI above.

Golden-reference recipe. Before letting any AI or codemod batch the suite, hand-migrate ONE representative test end to end. Commit it as the team's canonical pattern (e.g. e2e/_golden/login.spec.ts). Feed it back to the AI as a few-shot reference and point human reviewers at it. Every later migration anchors to this file — it's the single highest-leverage tactic for keeping AI output and reviewers consistent.

Translation Patterns

Locator mapping

Role/label names above are illustrative — replace them with the accessible name your app actually renders.

Wait strategy mapping

Assertion mapping

Config mapping (Cypress → Playwright)

Specific Migration Guides

Each path has its own key differences, before/after code, and migration-notes checklist in references/framework-guides.md. Quick orientation:

• Selenium → Playwright: Drop all explicit waits (Playwright auto-waits), swap string locators for getByRole/getByLabel/getByTestId, replace WebDriver sessions with BrowserContext. Capture storageState instead of re-implementing login.
• Jest → Vitest (target Vitest 4.x): Mostly API-compatible — replace jest. with vi., convert jest.config.js to vitest.config.ts, drop Babel/ts-jest transforms (but keep an esbuild/SWC equivalent if you use custom Babel plugins like emotion/styled-components macros). Expect 2-10x faster runs. Use Vitest 4.1 test tags for incremental cutover.
• Cypress → Playwright (target PW ≥ 1.50): The big shift is command queue → async/await. cy.intercept()+cy.wait() becomes page.route()+page.waitForResponse(); custom commands become fixtures. Mind the 1.52 page.route() glob and Cookie-header breaking changes (set cookies via browserContext.addCookies(), not a header override).
• Mocha → Vitest: Near 1:1. describe/it/hooks are unchanged; convert chai matchers (to.equal→toBe, to.deep.equal→toEqual, to.contain→toContain) and sinon→vi.fn()/vi.spyOn().
• Protractor → Playwright: EOL since 2023 — urgent. Remove waitForAngular, map by.model/by.binding to getByLabel/getByText/getByTestId, and onPrepare becomes globalSetup.

Parallel Running Strategy

Coverage comparison during migration

Track parity between old and new suites in a spreadsheet so nothing leaks. This artifact is the objective check at decommission time.

Feature Area     | Old Suite Tests | New Suite Tests | Parity | Notes
Login/Auth       | 8               | 8               | 100%   | Complete
Dashboard        | 12              | 7               | 58%    | In progress
Search           | 6               | 0               | 0%     | Not started
Checkout         | 15              | 15              | 100%   | Complete
User Settings    | 4               | 4               | 100%   | Complete
Admin Panel      | 20              | 0               | 0%     | Low priority
---              | ---             | ---             | ---    |
Total            | 65              | 34              | 52%    | On track for Q2

Gradual cutover timeline

For a 200-test suite, plan ~10 sprints: setup + infrastructure (Sprint 1-2), critical-path migration (Sprint 3-5, ~50 tests), bulk migration (Sprint 6-8), cleanup + decommission (Sprint 9-10). The old suite starts blocking and becomes non-blocking as parity approaches. New tests are written exclusively in the new framework from Sprint 3 onward.

When to delete old tests

Tag old tests "migrated" rather than deleting immediately. Delete only after the new equivalent has passed in CI for 2+ weeks and a manual review confirms no unique assertions are lost. If the old test catches a regression the new one misses, enhance the new test first.