Agent skill

Binary Merkle Trie

by Nethereum in Nethereum/Nethereum

Help users work with EIP-7864 Binary Merkle Tries for stateless Ethereum execution using Nethereum.Merkle.Binary (.NET).

MITAuto-check passedBackend & APIs

Install Binary Merkle Trie

skills CLI
$ npx skills add Nethereum/Nethereum --skill binary-merkle-trie -a claude-code

Project install by default; add -g for ~/.claude/skills/.

GitHub CLI
$ gh skill install Nethereum/Nethereum binary-merkle-trie --agent claude-code

Project scope by default; add --scope user for a personal install. Needs GitHub CLI 2.90.0 or later (public preview).

Manual copy
$ git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/Nethereum/Nethereum.git skills-src && mkdir -p .claude/skills && cp -r skills-src/plugins/nethereum-skills/skills/binary-merkle-trie .claude/skills/binary-merkle-trie && rm -rf skills-src

Use ~/.claude/skills/ instead of .claude/skills for a personal install. The folder must contain SKILL.md.

Claude Code skills documentation · loads skills from .claude/skills/

Facts

Skill name
binary-merkle-trie
GitHub stars
2.3k
Token cost
~1.2k tokens
SKILL.md length
280 words
Files
1
Skills in repo
71
Repo updated
First seen
Licence
MIT

At a glance

Help users work with EIP-7864 Binary Merkle Tries for stateless Ethereum execution using Nethereum.Merkle.Binary (.NET).

  • The user mentions binary trie
  • SKILL.md covers When to Use This, Required Packages, Core Concept and Basic Operations, plus 8 more sections
  • Calls dotnet
  • Stateless execution

What it does

Binary Merkle Trie is an agent skill from Nethereum/Nethereum. Help users work with EIP-7864 Binary Merkle Tries for stateless Ethereum execution using Nethereum.Merkle.Binary (.NET). Use this skill whenever the user mentions binary trie, EIP-7864, stateless execution, stem nodes, binary Merkle, BasicDataLeaf, code chunking, BLAKE3, or Verkle-style trie structures in a C/.NET context.

Its SKILL.md is about 1.2k tokens, which your agent loads only when the skill is triggered. It is a single SKILL.md file with no bundled scripts.

It sits in Backend & APIs. It works with Ethereum, .NET and C#. The repository describes itself as: Ethereum .Net cross platform integration library. The licence is MIT.

When your agent uses it

  • The user mentions binary trie
  • Stateless execution
  • Verkle-style trie structures in a C/.NET context

Example prompts

  • “/binary-merkle-trie”

What it can do on your machine

Read from SKILL.md and the folder at commit 229f278. It shows what the files ask for, not the result of running them.

  • Tool permissions

    Pre-approves nothing: there is no allowed-tools line, so your agent's usual permission prompts apply.

    From allowed-tools in the SKILL.md frontmatter.

  • Runs code

    Shell commands in SKILL.md call:

    • dotnet

    From the folder's file list and the shell code blocks in SKILL.md.

  • Network

    Links to these hosts (documentation or services it may open):

    • docs.nethereum.com

    From URLs in SKILL.md, links to its own repository left out.

  • Credentials

    Names no API keys, tokens, secrets or passwords.

    From names ending in _API_KEY, _TOKEN, _SECRET, _KEY or _PASSWORD in SKILL.md.

Context cost

Binary Merkle Trie loads about 1.2k tokens when it runs. Until then it costs about 86 tokens; SKILL.md has 280 words of instructions outside code blocks.

Always · name and description, kept in context so the agent knows when to use it
~86
When it runs · the whole SKILL.md, loaded when a task matches
~1.2k

Estimates: characters ÷ 4, the usual rule of thumb; real counts depend on the model's tokenizer. Scripts and assets cost tokens only if the agent reads them.

Safety

Auto-check passed

The automated check found no risky patterns in SKILL.md.

Automated static check — not a guarantee. Review scripts before installing. It scans the text of SKILL.md for risky patterns (piping downloads into a shell, reading credential files, hidden Unicode, destructive commands); files beside SKILL.md are not scanned.

SKILL.md

The full file from Nethereum/Nethereum at commit 229f278, republished under its MIT licence (© Nethereum). 280 words, ~1,176 tokens.

Download SKILL.mdSave it as .claude/skills/binary-merkle-trie/SKILL.md (or your agent's skills folder).
name
binary-merkle-trie
description
Help users work with EIP-7864 Binary Merkle Tries for stateless Ethereum execution using Nethereum.Merkle.Binary (.NET). Use this skill whenever the user mentions binary trie, EIP-7864, stateless execution, stem nodes, binary Merkle, BasicDataLeaf, code chunking, BLAKE3, or Verkle-style trie structures in a C#/.NET context.
user-invocable
true

Binary Merkle Trie (EIP-7864) — Nethereum.Merkle.Binary

When to Use This

Use this skill when a user wants to:

  • Implement or test EIP-7864 binary Merkle tries
  • Derive trie keys for account data, storage slots, or code chunks
  • Pack/unpack account state into BasicDataLeaf format
  • Generate or verify binary trie inclusion proofs
  • Chunk contract bytecode for trie storage

Required Packages

bash
dotnet add package Nethereum.Merkle.Binary

Core Concept

EIP-7864 proposes replacing Ethereum's Patricia trie with a binary structure for smaller proofs and stateless block execution. A 32-byte key splits into a 31-byte stem (shared prefix) and 1-byte suffix (index 0-255). Account data, code, and storage for the same address share a stem, so a single proof path covers all related values.

Basic Operations

csharp
using Nethereum.Merkle.Binary;

var trie = new BinaryTrie();

var key = new byte[32];
key[31] = 0x01;
var value = new byte[32];
value[0] = 0xFF;

trie.Put(key, value);
var retrieved = trie.Get(key);
trie.Delete(key);  // Sets value to zero
var root = trie.ComputeRoot();

Key Derivation

Map Ethereum addresses and storage slots to trie keys:

csharp
using Nethereum.Merkle.Binary.Keys;
using Nethereum.Merkle.Binary.Hashing;
using System.Numerics;

var kd = new BinaryTreeKeyDerivation(new Blake3HashProvider());
var address = new byte[20];  // Ethereum address

var basicDataKey = kd.GetTreeKeyForBasicData(address);
var codeHashKey = kd.GetTreeKeyForCodeHash(address);
var storageKey = kd.GetTreeKeyForStorageSlot(address, new BigInteger(42));
var codeChunkKey = kd.GetTreeKeyForCodeChunk(address, chunkId: 0);

Account State Packing (BasicDataLeaf)

Pack nonce, balance, code size, and version into a single 32-byte leaf:

csharp
using Nethereum.Merkle.Binary.Keys;
using System.Numerics;

var leaf = BasicDataLeaf.Pack(
    version: 1,
    codeSize: 24576,
    nonce: 42,
    balance: BigInteger.Parse("1000000000000000000"));

BasicDataLeaf.Unpack(leaf, out var version, out var codeSize,
                      out var nonce, out var balance);

Layout: [version:1][reserved:4][codeSize:3][nonce:8][balance:16] = 32 bytes.

Code Chunking

Split bytecode into 31-byte chunks with PUSH continuation tracking:

csharp
var chunks = CodeChunker.ChunkifyCode(bytecode);
// Each chunk: [continuation_byte][31 bytes of code]

Proof Generation and Verification

csharp
using Nethereum.Merkle.Binary.Proofs;

var prover = new BinaryTrieProver(trie);
var proof = prover.BuildProof(key);

// Verify independently (only needs root hash, key, and proof)
var verifier = new BinaryTrieProofVerifier(trie.HashProvider);
var verified = verifier.VerifyProof(trie.ComputeRoot(), key, proof);
// Returns the value if valid, null otherwise

Stem-Level Bulk Operations

Insert or retrieve all 256 values at a stem:

csharp
var stem = new byte[31];
var values = new byte[256][];
values[0] = new byte[32]; values[0][0] = 0xAA;
values[255] = new byte[32]; values[255][0] = 0xCC;

trie.PutStem(stem, values);
var retrieved = trie.GetValuesAtStem(stem);

Hash Providers

csharp
// SHA-256 (default)
var sha256Trie = new BinaryTrie(new Sha256HashProvider());

// BLAKE3 (faster, managed implementation)
var blake3Trie = new BinaryTrie(new Blake3HashProvider());

Key Types

TypePurpose
BinaryTrieMain trie — Put, Get, Delete, ComputeRoot
BinaryTreeKeyDerivationMap addresses/slots to trie keys
BasicDataLeafPack/unpack account state (version, nonce, balance, codeSize)
CodeChunkerSplit bytecode into 31-byte chunks
BinaryTrieProverGenerate inclusion proofs
BinaryTrieProofVerifierVerify proofs against a root hash
Blake3HashProviderBLAKE3 managed hash implementation

Common Gotchas

  • Keys must be exactly 32 bytes, values exactly 32 bytes
  • Delete sets the value to zero bytes — it doesn't remove the key
  • The default hash provider is SHA-256, not BLAKE3
  • GetTreeKeyForBasicData accepts a 20-byte address (internally padded to 32)
  • Stems are 31 bytes (first 31 bytes of the key), suffix is byte 31

For full documentation, see: https://docs.nethereum.com/docs/consensus-and-cryptography/guide-binary-merkle-trie

© Nethereum, MIT. Rendered from Markdown: HTML in the file is shown as text, images as links, and headings moved down two levels. Raw file

Files

Just SKILL.md in plugins/nethereum-skills/skills/binary-merkle-trie of Nethereum/Nethereum.

Open the folder on GitHubat commit 229f278

Compare with similar skills

Binary Merkle Trie next to the 5 skills that share the most tags, products or categories with it. Stars are the repository's; “used in” counts other GitHub owners with a copy.

Binary Merkle Trie compared with similar skills
SkillStarsUsed inTokensAuto-checkLicenceRepo updated
Binary Merkle Trie this skillNethereum/Nethereum2.3k—~1.2kAutomated safety check: PassMIT
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Dotnet 10 Csharp 14sketch7/FluentlyHttpClient121—~2.2kAutomated safety check: PassMIT
DisCatSharp Discord DevelopmentAiko-IT-Systems/DisCatSharp140—~1.2kAutomated safety check: PassMIT
Foundationdb Advanced LayersSnowBankSDK/foundationdb-dotnet-client158—~3.4kAutomated safety check: PassBSD-3-Clause

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Works with

Categories

Questions about Binary Merkle Trie

What does Binary Merkle Trie do?

Help users work with EIP-7864 Binary Merkle Tries for stateless Ethereum execution using Nethereum.Merkle.Binary (.NET). Binary Merkle Trie is an agent skill from Nethereum/Nethereum.NET).

When should I use Binary Merkle Trie?

Binary Merkle Trie fits situations like: the user mentions binary trie; stateless execution; verkle-style trie structures in a C/.NET context.

How do I install Binary Merkle Trie in Claude Code?

Run `npx skills add Nethereum/Nethereum --skill binary-merkle-trie -a claude-code`. Or copy the skill folder (plugins/nethereum-skills/skills/binary-merkle-trie in Nethereum/Nethereum) into .claude/skills/binary-merkle-trie in your project. Claude Code loads it when a task matches its description.

How do I install Binary Merkle Trie in Codex?

Run `npx skills add Nethereum/Nethereum --skill binary-merkle-trie -a codex`. Or copy the skill folder (plugins/nethereum-skills/skills/binary-merkle-trie in Nethereum/Nethereum) into .agents/skills/binary-merkle-trie in your project. Codex loads it when a task matches its description.

Can I use Binary Merkle Trie in Cursor, Gemini CLI or GitHub Copilot?

Cursor, Gemini CLI, GitHub Copilot and OpenCode also load SKILL.md folders. With the skills CLI, run `npx skills add Nethereum/Nethereum --skill binary-merkle-trie -a cursor` (or -a gemini-cli, github-copilot or opencode for the others). To copy it by hand, put the folder in .cursor/skills/binary-merkle-trie, .gemini/skills/binary-merkle-trie, .github/skills/binary-merkle-trie and .opencode/skills/binary-merkle-trie in your project.

What does Binary Merkle Trie need to run?

Going by SKILL.md and its folder, Binary Merkle Trie needs the command-line tools its instructions call (dotnet).

Does Binary Merkle Trie access the network?

SKILL.md names 1 domain. As links in the text: docs.nethereum.com. This is read from the text; nothing was executed.

Is Binary Merkle Trie safe to install?

Our automated static check of SKILL.md found no risky patterns, such as piping downloads into a shell, reading credential files or hidden Unicode. It is not a guarantee. Review the folder before installing.

What licence does Binary Merkle Trie use?

Binary Merkle Trie is published under the MIT licence (the repository's licence). It allows redistribution, so the full SKILL.md is shown on this page.

How many tokens does Binary Merkle Trie use?

About 1.2k tokens (SKILL.md is roughly 4.7k characters). Agents keep only the skill's name and description in context until a task matches; then they load SKILL.md in full.

What are the alternatives to Binary Merkle Trie?

Skills that share tags, products or a category with Binary Merkle Trie: Tsp Csharp (querylenshq/ef-querylens, 225 stars), XML Documentation (Vonage/vonage-dotnet-sdk, 118 stars), Dotnet 10 Csharp 14 (sketch7/FluentlyHttpClient, 121 stars) and DisCatSharp Discord Development (Aiko-IT-Systems/DisCatSharp, 140 stars). The comparison table on this page puts their stars, adoption, token cost, safety result and licence side by side.

Who maintains Binary Merkle Trie?

Nethereum (a GitHub organization) maintains it in Nethereum/Nethereum, which has 2,260 GitHub stars. The repository holds 71 skills in this directory. The repository was last updated on October 5, 2026.

Source: Nethereum/Nethereum on GitHub. Facts on this page come from the repository at the commit we read; the author's words are quoted as theirs.