Eks Security
aws-samples/appmod-blueprints
A skill your agent uses whenever someone needs security or compliance guidance for Amazon EKS — phrased as "CIS Benchmark for EKS", "HIPAA / PCI-DSS / FedRAMP / SOC 2 / GDPR on EKS", "harden my EKS…
Implements automated PII discovery and classification using tools like Microsoft Purview, BigID, OneTrust DataDiscovery, and AWS Macie.
$ npx skills add mukul975/Privacy-Data-Protection-Skills --skill auto-data-discovery -a claude-codeProject install by default; add -g for ~/.claude/skills/.
$ gh skill install mukul975/Privacy-Data-Protection-Skills auto-data-discovery --agent claude-codeProject scope by default; add --scope user for a personal install. Needs GitHub CLI 2.90.0 or later (public preview).
$ git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/mukul975/Privacy-Data-Protection-Skills.git skills-src && mkdir -p .claude/skills && cp -r skills-src/skills/privacy/auto-data-discovery .claude/skills/auto-data-discovery && rm -rf skills-srcUse ~/.claude/skills/ instead of .claude/skills for a personal install. The folder must contain SKILL.md.
Claude Code skills documentation · loads skills from .claude/skills/
Install the "auto-data-discovery" agent skill from https://github.com/mukul975/Privacy-Data-Protection-Skills/tree/main/skills/privacy/auto-data-discovery into .claude/skills/auto-data-discovery/ in this project. Copy the whole folder (SKILL.md and every file beside it), keep the folder name "auto-data-discovery", then confirm the skill loads.Claude Code copies the folder itself, the same result as the manual copy. Check what it changed before you commit it.
$skill-installer install https://github.com/mukul975/Privacy-Data-Protection-Skills/tree/main/skills/privacy/auto-data-discoveryType this inside Codex. $skill-installer <name> installs a curated skill from openai/skills. The installer writes to $CODEX_HOME/skills (default ~/.codex/skills). Restart Codex if the skill does not show up.
$ npx skills add mukul975/Privacy-Data-Protection-Skills --skill auto-data-discovery -a codexProject install goes to .agents/skills/; add -g for ~/.codex/skills/.
$ gh skill install mukul975/Privacy-Data-Protection-Skills auto-data-discovery --agent codexProject scope by default (.agents/skills/); add --scope user for a personal install.
$ git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/mukul975/Privacy-Data-Protection-Skills.git skills-src && mkdir -p .agents/skills && cp -r skills-src/skills/privacy/auto-data-discovery .agents/skills/auto-data-discovery && rm -rf skills-srcUse ~/.agents/skills/ instead of .agents/skills for a personal install.
Codex skills documentation · loads skills from .agents/skills/
Install the "auto-data-discovery" agent skill from https://github.com/mukul975/Privacy-Data-Protection-Skills/tree/main/skills/privacy/auto-data-discovery into .agents/skills/auto-data-discovery/ in this project. Copy the whole folder (SKILL.md and every file beside it), keep the folder name "auto-data-discovery", then confirm the skill loads.Codex copies the folder itself, the same result as the manual copy. Check what it changed before you commit it.
$ npx skills add mukul975/Privacy-Data-Protection-Skills --skill auto-data-discovery -a cursorProject install goes to .agents/skills/; add -g for ~/.cursor/skills/.
$ gh skill install mukul975/Privacy-Data-Protection-Skills auto-data-discovery --agent cursorProject scope by default (.agents/skills/); add --scope user for a personal install.
$ git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/mukul975/Privacy-Data-Protection-Skills.git skills-src && mkdir -p .cursor/skills && cp -r skills-src/skills/privacy/auto-data-discovery .cursor/skills/auto-data-discovery && rm -rf skills-srcUse ~/.cursor/skills/ instead of .cursor/skills for a personal install.
Cursor skills documentation · loads skills from .cursor/skills/, .agents/skills/, .claude/skills/, .codex/skills/
Install the "auto-data-discovery" agent skill from https://github.com/mukul975/Privacy-Data-Protection-Skills/tree/main/skills/privacy/auto-data-discovery into .cursor/skills/auto-data-discovery/ in this project. Copy the whole folder (SKILL.md and every file beside it), keep the folder name "auto-data-discovery", then confirm the skill loads.Cursor copies the folder itself, the same result as the manual copy. Check what it changed before you commit it.
$ gemini skills install https://github.com/mukul975/Privacy-Data-Protection-Skills.git --path skills/privacy/auto-data-discovery--scope user (default) or --scope workspace; --path is the subfolder of the repo that holds the skill; --consent skips the security confirmation prompt.
$ npx skills add mukul975/Privacy-Data-Protection-Skills --skill auto-data-discovery -a gemini-cliProject install goes to .agents/skills/; add -g for ~/.gemini/skills/.
$ gh skill install mukul975/Privacy-Data-Protection-Skills auto-data-discovery --agent gemini-cliProject scope by default (.agents/skills/); add --scope user for a personal install.
$ git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/mukul975/Privacy-Data-Protection-Skills.git skills-src && mkdir -p .gemini/skills && cp -r skills-src/skills/privacy/auto-data-discovery .gemini/skills/auto-data-discovery && rm -rf skills-srcUse ~/.gemini/skills/ instead of .gemini/skills for a personal install, then run /skills reload.
Gemini CLI skills documentation · loads skills from .gemini/skills/, .agents/skills/
Install the "auto-data-discovery" agent skill from https://github.com/mukul975/Privacy-Data-Protection-Skills/tree/main/skills/privacy/auto-data-discovery into .gemini/skills/auto-data-discovery/ in this project. Copy the whole folder (SKILL.md and every file beside it), keep the folder name "auto-data-discovery", then confirm the skill loads.Gemini CLI copies the folder itself, the same result as the manual copy. Check what it changed before you commit it.
$ gh skill install mukul975/Privacy-Data-Protection-Skills auto-data-discoveryInstalls for Copilot at project scope by default; add --scope user for a personal install. Preview a skill first with gh skill preview. Needs GitHub CLI 2.90.0 or later (public preview).
$ npx skills add mukul975/Privacy-Data-Protection-Skills --skill auto-data-discovery -a github-copilotProject install goes to .agents/skills/; add -g for ~/.copilot/skills/.
$ git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/mukul975/Privacy-Data-Protection-Skills.git skills-src && mkdir -p .github/skills && cp -r skills-src/skills/privacy/auto-data-discovery .github/skills/auto-data-discovery && rm -rf skills-srcUse ~/.copilot/skills/ instead of .github/skills for a personal install. Commit .github/skills so cloud agent and code review can use it.
GitHub Copilot skills documentation · loads skills from .github/skills/, .claude/skills/, .agents/skills/
Install the "auto-data-discovery" agent skill from https://github.com/mukul975/Privacy-Data-Protection-Skills/tree/main/skills/privacy/auto-data-discovery into .github/skills/auto-data-discovery/ in this project. Copy the whole folder (SKILL.md and every file beside it), keep the folder name "auto-data-discovery", then confirm the skill loads.GitHub Copilot copies the folder itself, the same result as the manual copy. Check what it changed before you commit it.
$ npx skills add mukul975/Privacy-Data-Protection-Skills --skill auto-data-discovery -a opencodeOpenCode documents no install command of its own. Project install goes to .agents/skills/; add -g for ~/.config/opencode/skills/.
$ gh skill install mukul975/Privacy-Data-Protection-Skills auto-data-discovery --agent opencodeProject scope by default (.agents/skills/); add --scope user for a personal install.
$ git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/mukul975/Privacy-Data-Protection-Skills.git skills-src && mkdir -p .opencode/skills && cp -r skills-src/skills/privacy/auto-data-discovery .opencode/skills/auto-data-discovery && rm -rf skills-srcUse ~/.config/opencode/skills/ instead of .opencode/skills for a personal install.
OpenCode skills documentation · loads skills from .opencode/skills/, .claude/skills/, .agents/skills/
Install the "auto-data-discovery" agent skill from https://github.com/mukul975/Privacy-Data-Protection-Skills/tree/main/skills/privacy/auto-data-discovery into .opencode/skills/auto-data-discovery/ in this project. Copy the whole folder (SKILL.md and every file beside it), keep the folder name "auto-data-discovery", then confirm the skill loads.OpenCode copies the folder itself, the same result as the manual copy. Check what it changed before you commit it.
auto-data-discoveryImplements automated PII discovery and classification using tools like Microsoft Purview, BigID, OneTrust DataDiscovery, and AWS Macie.
Auto Data Discovery is an agent skill from mukul975/Privacy-Data-Protection-Skills. Implements automated PII discovery and classification using tools like Microsoft Purview, BigID, OneTrust DataDiscovery, and AWS Macie. Covers scanning schedules, accuracy tuning, false positive management, and integration patterns. Keywords: data discovery, PII scanning, Purview, BigID, Macie, OneTrust, automated classification, data cataloging.
Its SKILL.md is about 3.3k tokens, which your agent loads only when the skill is triggered. The skill folder holds 7 other files, including scripts, reference files and assets (for example `assets/template.md`, `references/standards.md` and `references/workflows.md`).
It sits in Legal & Compliance, covering Privacy and GDPR and Third-party API integration. It works with Amazon Web Services. The repository describes itself as: 282+ structured privacy & data protection skills for AI agents. GDPR, CCPA, EU AI Act, HIPAA, LGPD, PIPL, DPDP Act. The licence is Apache-2.0.
Read from SKILL.md and the folder at commit 9b2ef9e. It shows what the files ask for, not the result of running them.
Pre-approves nothing: there is no allowed-tools line, so your agent's usual permission prompts apply.
From allowed-tools in the SKILL.md frontmatter.
Ships 1 file in scripts/ (Python), which the agent can run.
Shell commands in SKILL.md call:
awsFrom the folder's file list and the shell code blocks in SKILL.md.
No URLs in SKILL.md. Its commands use aws, which can reach the network depending on how they are called.
From URLs in SKILL.md, links to its own repository left out.
Names no API keys, tokens, secrets or passwords.
From names ending in _API_KEY, _TOKEN, _SECRET, _KEY or _PASSWORD in SKILL.md.
Auto Data Discovery loads about 3.3k tokens when it runs, and up to ~6.1k if it reads all its reference files. Until then it costs about 92 tokens; SKILL.md has 1,272 words of instructions outside code blocks.
Estimates: characters ÷ 4, the usual rule of thumb; real counts depend on the model's tokenizer. Scripts and assets cost tokens only if the agent reads them.
The automated check found no risky patterns in SKILL.md.
Automated static check — not a guarantee. Review scripts before installing. It scans the text of SKILL.md for risky patterns (piping downloads into a shell, reading credential files, hidden Unicode, destructive commands); the scripts in this folder are not scanned.
The full file from mukul975/Privacy-Data-Protection-Skills at commit 9b2ef9e, republished under its Apache-2.0 licence (© mukul975). 1,272 words, ~3,346 tokens.
.claude/skills/auto-data-discovery/SKILL.md (or your agent's skills folder). This skill also uses 4 other files; get the full folder from GitHub.Automated data discovery tools scan structured and unstructured data repositories to identify, classify, and catalogue personal data across the enterprise. Manual data inventories cannot keep pace with the volume, velocity, and variety of modern data processing. Automated discovery provides continuous visibility into where personal data resides, how it flows, and whether it is classified and protected according to policy. This skill covers implementation patterns for four leading platforms — Microsoft Purview, BigID, OneTrust DataDiscovery, and AWS Macie — with focus on scanning configuration, accuracy optimisation, and integration with privacy compliance workflows.
| Capability | Microsoft Purview | BigID | OneTrust DataDiscovery | AWS Macie |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Structured data scanning | SQL Server, Azure SQL, Synapse, Cosmos DB, Oracle, PostgreSQL, MySQL, Teradata | 100+ connectors including all major RDBMS, NoSQL, data warehouses | 200+ connectors, pre-built integrations with SaaS applications | S3, DynamoDB, RDS (via Lambda) |
| Unstructured data scanning | SharePoint, OneDrive, Exchange, Azure Blob, Azure Files, AWS S3, GCP Storage | File shares, email, SharePoint, cloud storage, Slack, Teams, Confluence | File shares, email, cloud storage, collaboration platforms | S3 buckets (primary focus) |
| Classification method | 300+ built-in sensitive information types (SITs), trainable classifiers, exact data match (EDM), custom regex | ML-based NER, correlation analysis, pattern matching, custom classifiers | Pattern matching, NER, contextual analysis, custom rules | ML-based pattern matching, custom data identifiers, managed data identifiers |
| GDPR-specific classifiers | EU national ID formats, EU passport numbers, EU debit/credit card numbers, EU tax ID numbers per Member State | GDPR personal data taxonomy, Art. 9 special category detection, cross-regulation mapping | Pre-built GDPR data subject types, purpose mapping, lawful basis tagging | EU personal data identifiers (limited — primarily financial and identity patterns) |
| Accuracy tuning | Confidence levels (low/medium/high), custom keyword dictionaries, EDM for exact matching, document fingerprinting | ML model retraining, feedback loop, confidence thresholds, correlation rules | Confidence scoring, validation rules, exception management | Custom data identifiers with regex and keyword proximity, severity scoring |
| Deployment model | SaaS (Microsoft 365/Azure), hybrid with Purview governance | SaaS, on-premises, hybrid | SaaS, on-premises agent | AWS-native SaaS |
| Pricing model | Per information protection unit (Azure), per Microsoft 365 licence tier (E5 includes advanced) | Per data source connector, per TB scanned | Per data source module, per connector | Per S3 bucket evaluated, per GB scanned |
Data Sources Microsoft Purview
┌─────────────┐ ┌───────────────────────────┐
│ Azure SQL │──────scanner──►│ Data Map (metadata store) │
│ SharePoint │──────scanner──►│ Data Catalog (search/tag) │
│ AWS S3 │──────scanner──►│ Data Estate Insights │
│ On-prem SQL │──self-hosted──►│ Information Protection │
│ Power BI │──────scanner──►│ Data Loss Prevention (DLP) │
└─────────────┘ └───────────────────────────┘Step 1: Register Data Sources
Step 2: Configure Scanning Rules
[A-CEGHJ-PR-TW-Z]{2}\d{6}[A-D])VFS-\d{10}EMP-[A-Z]{2}\d{6}PF-\d{8}-[A-Z]{2}Step 3: Set Scanning Schedule
Step 4: Configure Sensitivity Labels
Public → Purview label: PublicInternal → Purview label: GeneralConfidential → Purview label: ConfidentialRestricted → Purview label: Highly Confidential (auto-applied to Art. 9/Art. 10 data)Step 5: DLP Policy Integration
| Issue | Tuning Approach |
|---|---|
| False positive: UK phone numbers flagged as National Insurance numbers | Increase minimum confidence to HIGH for NINO SIT; add negative keyword list ("phone", "tel", "fax", "mobile") |
| False positive: Internal reference numbers flagged as account numbers | Create EDM schema for actual customer accounts; custom SIT with proximity to customer-related keywords |
| False negative: Health data in free-text email bodies | Enable trainable classifier for health content; train on sample of 50+ positive examples from occupational health correspondence |
| False negative: Genetic identifiers in research datasets | Create custom SIT for rs-number pattern (rs\d{4,12}), ICD-10 codes, and HUGO gene names |
BigID uses a distributed scanning architecture with correlation-based discovery:
Data Sources BigID Platform
┌─────────────┐ ┌──────────────────────────┐
│ Databases │──scan───►│ Discovery Engine │
│ File Shares │──scan───►│ Correlation Engine (ML) │
│ Cloud │──scan───►│ Classification Engine │
│ SaaS Apps │──API────►│ Catalog & Inventory │
│ Email │──scan───►│ Privacy Rights Automation │
└─────────────┘ └──────────────────────────┘BigID's ML-based correlation engine identifies personal data by correlating data elements across sources to build identity profiles. This approach detects personal data that pattern matching alone would miss — for example, a customer ID in one system linked to a name in another.
OneTrust integrates discovery with its broader privacy management platform:
Data Sources OneTrust Platform
┌─────────────┐ ┌──────────────────────────┐
│ Cloud/SaaS │──API────►│ DataDiscovery Module │
│ Databases │──agent──►│ Data Mapping (Art. 30) │
│ File Shares │──agent──►│ Assessment Automation │
│ Endpoints │──agent──►│ Consent Management │
└─────────────┘ │ DSAR Automation │
└──────────────────────────┘OneTrust's value proposition is tight integration between discovery results and privacy program management — discovered personal data feeds directly into Art. 30 records, DPIA assessments, and DSAR fulfilment workflows.
Macie is purpose-built for S3 data discovery within AWS:
AWS Environment
┌─────────────────────────────────────┐
│ S3 Buckets ──scan──► Macie │
│ │ │
│ EventBridge ◄──alerts──┘ │
│ Security Hub ◄──findings──┘ │
│ CloudWatch ◄──metrics──┘ │
└─────────────────────────────────────┘| Scan Type | Frequency | Duration Window | Trigger |
|---|---|---|---|
| Full discovery scan | Monthly | Weekend maintenance window (8-12 hours) | Scheduled |
| Incremental scan | Weekly | Off-peak hours (2-4 hours) | Scheduled |
| New source onboarding scan | On registration | Within 48 hours of source registration | Event-driven |
| Post-incident scan | As needed | Immediate (targeted scope) | Incident response |
| Pre-DPIA scan | Before DPIA commencement | 1-2 weeks before DPIA start | Project-triggered |
| Metric | Target | Measurement Method |
|---|---|---|
| Precision (true positive rate) | > 90% | Sample 100 classified items monthly; verify classification accuracy |
| Recall (detection rate) | > 85% | Plant known PII test data in scan scope; measure detection rate |
| False positive rate | < 10% | Count items classified as personal data that are not |
| False negative rate | < 15% | Count personal data items missed by the scanner |
| Classification consistency | > 95% | Same data element classified consistently across repeat scans |
Month 1: Baseline scan → establish initial accuracy metrics
Month 2: Review false positives/negatives → tune rules and thresholds
Month 3: Re-scan → measure improvement
Month 4: Expand scope (new data sources) → re-baseline
Month 5: Review edge cases → create custom classifiers
Month 6: Accuracy audit by DPO → formal accuracy report
[Repeat cycle]© mukul975, Apache-2.0. Rendered from Markdown: HTML in the file is shown as text, images as links, and headings moved down two levels. Raw file
SKILL.md and 4 other files (scripts, references, assets) in skills/privacy/auto-data-discovery of mukul975/Privacy-Data-Protection-Skills.
Open the folder on GitHubat commit 9b2ef9e
Auto Data Discovery next to the 5 skills that share the most tags, products or categories with it. Stars are the repository's; “used in” counts other GitHub owners with a copy.
| Skill | Stars | Used in | Tokens | Auto-check | Licence | Repo updated |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Auto Data Discovery this skillmukul975/Privacy-Data-Protection-Skills | 295 | — | ~3.3k | Automated safety check: Pass | Apache-2.0 | |
| Eks Securityaws-samples/appmod-blueprints | 113 | — | ~4.7k | Automated safety check: Pass | MIT-0 | |
| Eu Data Act Oliver Schmidt Prietzlawve-ai/awesome-legal-skills | 836 | — | ~3.9k | Automated safety check: Pass | AGPL-3.0 | |
| Healthcare Phi Complianceaffaan-m/ECC | 275k | 1 repos | ~1.4k | Automated safety check: Pass | MIT | |
| Storage S3 Resiliency Expertiseaws/tools-for-devops-agent | 100 | — | ~2.8k | Automated safety check: Pass | Apache-2.0 | |
| Amazon Location Serviceawslabs/agent-plugins | 915 | — | ~4k | Automated safety check: Pass | Apache-2.0 |
aws-samples/appmod-blueprints
A skill your agent uses whenever someone needs security or compliance guidance for Amazon EKS — phrased as "CIS Benchmark for EKS", "HIPAA / PCI-DSS / FedRAMP / SOC 2 / GDPR on EKS", "harden my EKS…
lawve-ai/awesome-legal-skills
Practitioner skill for advising on EU Regulation 2023/2854 (Data Act).
affaan-m/ECC
Protected Health Information (PHI) and PII compliance patterns for healthcare applications: data classification, row-level access control, tamper-proof audit trails, schema tagging, and common leak…
aws/tools-for-devops-agent
S3 resiliency, security, and data protection review. An agent skill from aws/tools-for-devops-agent.
awslabs/agent-plugins
Integrates Amazon Location Service APIs for AWS applications.
jeremylongshore/tons-of-skills-marketplace
Apollo.io data management and compliance. An agent skill from jeremylongshore/tons-of-skills-marketplace.
mukul975/Privacy-Data-Protection-Skills
Implements age-gating mechanisms for online services to restrict access based on user age.
mukul975/Privacy-Data-Protection-Skills
Manages AI model retention and machine unlearning requirements.
mukul975/Privacy-Data-Protection-Skills
Structures risk mitigation planning and residual risk tracking for Data Protection Impact Assessments under GDPR Article 35(7)(d).
mukul975/Privacy-Data-Protection-Skills
Guides implementation of the GDPR accountability principle under Articles 5(2) and 24, including documentation requirements for policies, DPIAs, RoPA, training records, and breach logs.
mukul975/Privacy-Data-Protection-Skills
Conducts pre-DPIA threshold screening to determine whether a full Data Protection Impact Assessment is required under GDPR Article 35.
mukul975/Privacy-Data-Protection-Skills
Designs and implements data retention schedules compliant with GDPR Article 5(1)(e) storage limitation principle.
Works with
Implements automated PII discovery and classification using tools like Microsoft Purview, BigID, OneTrust DataDiscovery, and AWS Macie. Auto Data Discovery is an agent skill from mukul975/Privacy-Data-Protection-Skills. Implements automated PII discovery and classification using tools like Microsoft Purview, BigID, OneTrust DataDiscovery, and AWS Macie.
Auto Data Discovery fits situations like: tasks that involve Privacy and GDPR; tasks that involve Third-party API integration.
Run `npx skills add mukul975/Privacy-Data-Protection-Skills --skill auto-data-discovery -a claude-code`. Or copy the skill folder (skills/privacy/auto-data-discovery in mukul975/Privacy-Data-Protection-Skills) into .claude/skills/auto-data-discovery in your project. Claude Code loads it when a task matches its description.
Run `npx skills add mukul975/Privacy-Data-Protection-Skills --skill auto-data-discovery -a codex`. Or copy the skill folder (skills/privacy/auto-data-discovery in mukul975/Privacy-Data-Protection-Skills) into .agents/skills/auto-data-discovery in your project. Codex loads it when a task matches its description.
Cursor, Gemini CLI, GitHub Copilot and OpenCode also load SKILL.md folders. With the skills CLI, run `npx skills add mukul975/Privacy-Data-Protection-Skills --skill auto-data-discovery -a cursor` (or -a gemini-cli, github-copilot or opencode for the others). To copy it by hand, put the folder in .cursor/skills/auto-data-discovery, .gemini/skills/auto-data-discovery, .github/skills/auto-data-discovery and .opencode/skills/auto-data-discovery in your project.
Going by SKILL.md and its folder, Auto Data Discovery needs Python for the scripts in its folder and the command-line tools its instructions call (aws). Our summary lists: Python 3.
SKILL.md contains no URLs. Any network use would come from the scripts or tools the agent runs. This is read from the text; nothing was executed.
Our automated static check of SKILL.md found no risky patterns, such as piping downloads into a shell, reading credential files or hidden Unicode. It is not a guarantee. The check reads SKILL.md only: the scripts in the folder are not scanned, so read them before running anything.
Auto Data Discovery is published under the Apache-2.0 licence (declared in SKILL.md). It allows redistribution, so the full SKILL.md is shown on this page.
About 3.3k tokens (SKILL.md is roughly 13k characters). Agents keep only the skill's name and description in context until a task matches; then they load SKILL.md in full. Its references folder adds about 2.8k tokens, read only when the agent opens those files.
Skills that share tags, products or a category with Auto Data Discovery: Eks Security (aws-samples/appmod-blueprints, 113 stars), Eu Data Act Oliver Schmidt Prietz (lawve-ai/awesome-legal-skills, 836 stars), Healthcare Phi Compliance (affaan-m/ECC, 275k stars) and Storage S3 Resiliency Expertise (aws/tools-for-devops-agent, 100 stars). The comparison table on this page puts their stars, adoption, token cost, safety result and licence side by side.
mukul975 (a GitHub user) maintains it in mukul975/Privacy-Data-Protection-Skills, which has 295 GitHub stars. The repository holds 278 skills in this directory. The repository was last updated on March 16, 2026.
Source: mukul975/Privacy-Data-Protection-Skills on GitHub. Facts on this page come from the repository at the commit we read; the author's words are quoted as theirs.