Agent skill

Audit Sampling Methods

by mukul975 in mukul975/Privacy-Data-Protection-Skills

Guides privacy audit sampling methodology including statistical and non-statistical sampling, sample size determination, stratification techniques, attribute sampling for compliance testing…

Apache-2.0Auto-check passedLegal & Compliance

Install Audit Sampling Methods

skills CLI
$ npx skills add mukul975/Privacy-Data-Protection-Skills --skill audit-sampling-methods -a claude-code

Project install by default; add -g for ~/.claude/skills/.

GitHub CLI
$ gh skill install mukul975/Privacy-Data-Protection-Skills audit-sampling-methods --agent claude-code

Project scope by default; add --scope user for a personal install. Needs GitHub CLI 2.90.0 or later (public preview).

Manual copy
$ git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/mukul975/Privacy-Data-Protection-Skills.git skills-src && mkdir -p .claude/skills && cp -r skills-src/skills/privacy/audit-sampling-methods .claude/skills/audit-sampling-methods && rm -rf skills-src

Use ~/.claude/skills/ instead of .claude/skills for a personal install. The folder must contain SKILL.md.

Claude Code skills documentation · loads skills from .claude/skills/

Facts

Skill name
audit-sampling-methods
GitHub stars
295
Token cost
~1.6k tokens
SKILL.md length
626 words
Files
5 (incl. scripts, references, assets)
Skills in repo
278
Repo updated
First seen
Licence
Apache-2.0

At a glance

Guides privacy audit sampling methodology including statistical and non-statistical sampling, sample size determination, stratification techniques, attribute sampling for compliance testing…

  • Tasks that involve Experimental design
  • SKILL.md covers Overview, Sampling Approaches, Statistical Sampling Methods and Non-Statistical Sampling Methods, plus 3 more sections
  • Runs Python scripts from its folder
  • Tasks that involve Privacy and GDPR

What it does

Audit Sampling Methods is an agent skill from mukul975/Privacy-Data-Protection-Skills. Guides privacy audit sampling methodology including statistical and non-statistical sampling, sample size determination, stratification techniques, attribute sampling for compliance testing, confidence level selection, tolerable deviation rates, and extrapolation of results to the population. Keywords: audit sampling, statistical sampling, attribute testing, sample size, confidence level, stratified sampling, privacy audit.

Its SKILL.md is about 1.6k tokens, which your agent loads only when the skill is triggered. The skill folder holds 7 other files, including scripts, reference files and assets (for example `assets/template.md`, `references/standards.md` and `references/workflows.md`).

It sits in Legal & Compliance, covering Experimental design and Privacy and GDPR. The repository describes itself as: 282+ structured privacy & data protection skills for AI agents. GDPR, CCPA, EU AI Act, HIPAA, LGPD, PIPL, DPDP Act. The licence is Apache-2.0.

When your agent uses it

  • Tasks that involve Experimental design
  • Tasks that involve Privacy and GDPR

Example prompts

  • “Use the audit-sampling-methods skill to guide privacy audit sampling methodology including statistical and non-statistical sampling, sample size…”
  • “/audit-sampling-methods”

Requirements

  • Python 3

What it can do on your machine

Read from SKILL.md and the folder at commit 9b2ef9e. It shows what the files ask for, not the result of running them.

  • Tool permissions

    Pre-approves nothing: there is no allowed-tools line, so your agent's usual permission prompts apply.

    From allowed-tools in the SKILL.md frontmatter.

  • Runs code

    Ships 1 file in scripts/ (Python), which the agent can run.

    From the folder's file list and the shell code blocks in SKILL.md.

  • Network

    No URLs in SKILL.md.

    From URLs in SKILL.md, links to its own repository left out.

  • Credentials

    Names no API keys, tokens, secrets or passwords.

    From names ending in _API_KEY, _TOKEN, _SECRET, _KEY or _PASSWORD in SKILL.md.

Context cost

Audit Sampling Methods loads about 1.6k tokens when it runs, and up to ~3.7k if it reads all its reference files. Until then it costs about 113 tokens; SKILL.md has 626 words of instructions outside code blocks.

Always · name and description, kept in context so the agent knows when to use it
~113
When it runs · the whole SKILL.md, loaded when a task matches
~1.6k
With references · SKILL.md plus every file in references/, read only if the agent opens them
~3.7k

Estimates: characters ÷ 4, the usual rule of thumb; real counts depend on the model's tokenizer. Scripts and assets cost tokens only if the agent reads them.

Safety

Auto-check passed

The automated check found no risky patterns in SKILL.md.

Automated static check — not a guarantee. Review scripts before installing. It scans the text of SKILL.md for risky patterns (piping downloads into a shell, reading credential files, hidden Unicode, destructive commands); the scripts in this folder are not scanned.

SKILL.md

The full file from mukul975/Privacy-Data-Protection-Skills at commit 9b2ef9e, republished under its Apache-2.0 licence (© mukul975). 626 words, ~1,550 tokens.

Download SKILL.mdSave it as .claude/skills/audit-sampling-methods/SKILL.md (or your agent's skills folder). This skill also uses 4 other files; get the full folder from GitHub.
name
audit-sampling-methods
description
Guides privacy audit sampling methodology including statistical and non-statistical sampling, sample size determination, stratification techniques, attribute sampling for compliance testing, confidence level selection, tolerable deviation rates, and extrapolation of results to the population. Keywords: audit sampling, statistical sampling, attribute testing, sample size, confidence level, stratified sampling, privacy audit.
license
Apache-2.0
metadata.author
mukul975
metadata.version
1.0
metadata.domain
privacy
metadata.subdomain
privacy-audit-certification
metadata.tags
audit-sampling, statistical-sampling, attribute-testing, sample-size, stratified-sampling

Privacy Audit Sampling Methods

Overview

Audit sampling is the application of audit procedures to less than 100% of items within a population to form a conclusion about the entire population. In privacy auditing, sampling is used to test compliance of processing activities, DSAR responses, consent records, vendor contracts, and other privacy controls without examining every individual record.

ISA 530 (International Standard on Auditing — Audit Sampling) and IIA Practice Advisory 2320-3 (Audit Sampling) provide the authoritative frameworks. For privacy audits, sampling must account for the heightened regulatory scrutiny of personal data processing and the potential for significant harm from individual non-compliant records.

Sampling Approaches

ApproachDescriptionWhen to Use
Statistical SamplingUses probability theory to select samples and evaluate results; allows quantification of sampling riskWhen audit conclusions must be defensible to regulators; large populations; need to extrapolate results
Non-Statistical (Judgemental) SamplingAuditor uses professional judgement to select itemsSmall populations; targeted testing of known risk areas; supplementary to statistical sampling

Statistical Sampling Methods

Attribute Sampling

Used to estimate the rate of deviation (non-compliance) in a population.

ParameterDescriptionTypical Privacy Audit Values
Population SizeTotal items in the auditable populatione.g., 1,000 DSARs, 500 vendor contracts
Confidence LevelProbability that sample results reflect the population90% (standard); 95% (regulatory-facing)
Tolerable Deviation RateMaximum acceptable non-compliance rate5% (standard); 2% (critical controls)
Expected Deviation RateEstimated actual non-compliance rateBased on prior audits or risk assessment
Sample SizeNumber of items to testCalculated from above parameters
Sample Size Reference Table (Attribute Sampling)
Population90% Confidence / 5% Tolerable95% Confidence / 5% Tolerable95% Confidence / 2% Tolerable
100384564
2504250100
5004454131
1,0004557154
5,0004659176
10,000+4659181
Stratified Sampling

Divides the population into subgroups (strata) and samples proportionally or disproportionately from each.

Stratification FactorExample StrataRationale
Business UnitEU, US, APACDifferent regulatory requirements per jurisdiction
Data SensitivityStandard, sensitive, special categoryHigher-risk data categories warrant more testing
Processing PurposeMarketing, HR, customer serviceDifferent compliance requirements per purpose
Time PeriodQ1, Q2, Q3, Q4Detect seasonal patterns or deterioration
Vendor TierTier 1 (high volume), Tier 2, Tier 3Focus sampling on highest-risk vendors
Show full SKILL.md (258 more words)Show less

Non-Statistical Sampling Methods

MethodDescriptionApplication
Haphazard SelectionItems selected without structured method but avoiding biasQuick preliminary testing
Block SelectionAll items in a specific period or locationTesting a specific time window (e.g., all DSARs in March)
Judgemental SelectionAuditor selects items based on risk factorsTargeting high-value items, known exceptions, or anomalies

Privacy-Specific Sampling Considerations

ConsiderationGuidance
Individual harm thresholdEven a single non-compliant record can cause significant harm; auditors must not dismiss isolated findings
Regulatory expectationsSupervisory authorities may expect higher confidence levels for critical controls (breach notification, consent)
Special category dataApply lower tolerable deviation rates (2%) for processing involving special category data under Article 9
Automated processingFor fully automated processes, increase sample to verify algorithmic consistency across edge cases
Cross-border transfersStratify by destination country to verify adequacy/safeguard mechanism for each transfer route

Evaluating Sample Results

ScenarioSample Deviation RateConclusion
Rate below tolerable deviatione.g., 2% observed vs 5% tolerablePopulation likely compliant; no material finding
Rate equals tolerable deviatione.g., 5% observed vs 5% tolerableBorderline; consider expanding sample or raising as medium finding
Rate exceeds tolerable deviatione.g., 12% observed vs 5% tolerableMaterial non-compliance; formal finding required
Zero deviations found0% observedStrong evidence of compliance (but does not guarantee 100%)

Extrapolation

When sample results show deviations, the auditor must project findings to the full population:

ElementCalculation
Point estimate(Deviations found / Sample size) × Population size
Upper deviation limitCalculated using statistical tables at the selected confidence level
Projected monetary impactPoint estimate × average impact per deviation

© mukul975, Apache-2.0. Rendered from Markdown: HTML in the file is shown as text, images as links, and headings moved down two levels. Raw file

Files

SKILL.md and 4 other files (scripts, references, assets) in skills/privacy/audit-sampling-methods of mukul975/Privacy-Data-Protection-Skills.

  • SKILL.md
  • assets/template.md
  • references/standards.md
  • references/workflows.md
  • scripts/process.py

Open the folder on GitHubat commit 9b2ef9e

Compare with similar skills

Audit Sampling Methods next to the 5 skills that share the most tags, products or categories with it. Stars are the repository's; “used in” counts other GitHub owners with a copy.

Audit Sampling Methods compared with similar skills
SkillStarsUsed inTokensAuto-checkLicenceRepo updated
Audit Sampling Methods this skillmukul975/Privacy-Data-Protection-Skills295—~1.6kAutomated safety check: PassApache-2.0
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C15tc15t/c15t1.9k1 repos~1.6kAutomated safety check: PassApache-2.0
HIPAA Safe Harbor Coverage Auditmaziyarpanahi/openmed5.5k—~1.7kAutomated safety check: PassApache-2.0
Korean Privacy Termskimlawtech/korean-privacy-terms586—~2.9kAutomated safety check: PassApache-2.0
Gdpr ComplianceSushegaad/Claude-Skills-Governance-Risk-and-Compliance9421 repos~3.9kAutomated safety check: PassMIT

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Questions about Audit Sampling Methods

What does Audit Sampling Methods do?

Guides privacy audit sampling methodology including statistical and non-statistical sampling, sample size determination, stratification techniques, attribute sampling for compliance testing…. Audit Sampling Methods is an agent skill from mukul975/Privacy-Data-Protection-Skills. Guides privacy audit sampling methodology including statistical and non-statistical sampling, sample size determination, stratification techniques, attribute sampling for compliance testing, confidence level selection, tolerable deviation rates, and extrapolation of results to the population.

When should I use Audit Sampling Methods?

Audit Sampling Methods fits situations like: tasks that involve Experimental design; tasks that involve Privacy and GDPR.

How do I install Audit Sampling Methods in Claude Code?

Run `npx skills add mukul975/Privacy-Data-Protection-Skills --skill audit-sampling-methods -a claude-code`. Or copy the skill folder (skills/privacy/audit-sampling-methods in mukul975/Privacy-Data-Protection-Skills) into .claude/skills/audit-sampling-methods in your project. Claude Code loads it when a task matches its description.

How do I install Audit Sampling Methods in Codex?

Run `npx skills add mukul975/Privacy-Data-Protection-Skills --skill audit-sampling-methods -a codex`. Or copy the skill folder (skills/privacy/audit-sampling-methods in mukul975/Privacy-Data-Protection-Skills) into .agents/skills/audit-sampling-methods in your project. Codex loads it when a task matches its description.

Can I use Audit Sampling Methods in Cursor, Gemini CLI or GitHub Copilot?

Cursor, Gemini CLI, GitHub Copilot and OpenCode also load SKILL.md folders. With the skills CLI, run `npx skills add mukul975/Privacy-Data-Protection-Skills --skill audit-sampling-methods -a cursor` (or -a gemini-cli, github-copilot or opencode for the others). To copy it by hand, put the folder in .cursor/skills/audit-sampling-methods, .gemini/skills/audit-sampling-methods, .github/skills/audit-sampling-methods and .opencode/skills/audit-sampling-methods in your project.

What does Audit Sampling Methods need to run?

Going by SKILL.md and its folder, Audit Sampling Methods needs Python for the scripts in its folder. Our summary lists: Python 3.

Does Audit Sampling Methods access the network?

SKILL.md contains no URLs. Any network use would come from the scripts or tools the agent runs. This is read from the text; nothing was executed.

Is Audit Sampling Methods safe to install?

Our automated static check of SKILL.md found no risky patterns, such as piping downloads into a shell, reading credential files or hidden Unicode. It is not a guarantee. The check reads SKILL.md only: the scripts in the folder are not scanned, so read them before running anything.

What licence does Audit Sampling Methods use?

Audit Sampling Methods is published under the Apache-2.0 licence (declared in SKILL.md). It allows redistribution, so the full SKILL.md is shown on this page.

How many tokens does Audit Sampling Methods use?

About 1.6k tokens (SKILL.md is roughly 6.2k characters). Agents keep only the skill's name and description in context until a task matches; then they load SKILL.md in full. Its references folder adds about 2.1k tokens, read only when the agent opens those files.

What are the alternatives to Audit Sampling Methods?

Skills that share tags, products or a category with Audit Sampling Methods: Scholar Ethics (joshzyj/open-scholar-skill, 168 stars), C15t (c15t/c15t, 1.9k stars), HIPAA Safe Harbor Coverage Audit (maziyarpanahi/openmed, 5.5k stars) and Korean Privacy Terms (kimlawtech/korean-privacy-terms, 586 stars). The comparison table on this page puts their stars, adoption, token cost, safety result and licence side by side.

Who maintains Audit Sampling Methods?

mukul975 (a GitHub user) maintains it in mukul975/Privacy-Data-Protection-Skills, which has 295 GitHub stars. The repository holds 278 skills in this directory. The repository was last updated on March 16, 2026.

Source: mukul975/Privacy-Data-Protection-Skills on GitHub. Facts on this page come from the repository at the commit we read; the author's words are quoted as theirs.