Analyzing Uefi Bootkit Persistence

# Using chipsec to dump SPI flash contents
python chipsec_util.py spi dump firmware_dump.rom

# Using flashrom as an alternative
flashrom -p internal -r firmware_dump.rom

# Verify dump integrity
sha256sum firmware_dump.rom

# Read SPI flash descriptor information
python chipsec_util.py spi info

# Check SPI flash region access permissions
python chipsec_main.py -m common.spi_access

# Verify BIOS write protection is enabled
python chipsec_main.py -m common.bios_wp

# Check SPI flash controller lock
python chipsec_main.py -m common.spi_lock

# List all UEFI variables on a live system
python chipsec_util.py uefi var-list

# List UEFI variables from a SPI flash dump
python chipsec_util.py uefi var-list-spi firmware_dump.rom

# Read specific Secure Boot variables
python chipsec_util.py uefi var-read SecureBoot 8BE4DF61-93CA-11D2-AA0D-00E098032B8C
python chipsec_util.py uefi var-read SetupMode 8BE4DF61-93CA-11D2-AA0D-00E098032B8C
python chipsec_util.py uefi var-read PK 8BE4DF61-93CA-11D2-AA0D-00E098032B8C
python chipsec_util.py uefi var-read KEK 8BE4DF61-93CA-11D2-AA0D-00E098032B8C
python chipsec_util.py uefi var-read db D719B2CB-3D3A-4596-A3BC-DAD00E67656F

# Dump UEFI key databases for analysis
python chipsec_util.py uefi keys

# Check Secure Boot configuration module
python chipsec_main.py -m common.secureboot.variables

# Mount ESP (typically the first FAT32 partition, ~100-500MB)
mkdir /mnt/esp
mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/esp

# List all files on ESP with timestamps
find /mnt/esp -type f -exec ls -la {} \;

# Check for BlackLotus indicators - custom directory under ESP:/system32/
ls -la /mnt/esp/system32/ 2>/dev/null

# Verify Windows Boot Manager signature
sigcheck -a /mnt/esp/EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi

# Hash all EFI binaries for comparison against known-good values
find /mnt/esp -name "*.efi" -exec sha256sum {} \;

# Check for unauthorized .efi files outside standard directories
find /mnt/esp -name "*.efi" | grep -v "Microsoft\|Boot\|ubuntu\|grub"

# Look for grubx64.efi planted by BlackLotus
find /mnt/esp -name "grubx64.efi" -exec sha256sum {} \;

# Examine MeasuredBoot logs for anomalies (Windows)
# Logs located at C:\Windows\Logs\MeasuredBoot\

# Extract all firmware modules with UEFIExtract
UEFIExtract firmware_dump.rom all

# Generate firmware module whitelist from vendor baseline
python chipsec_main.py -m tools.uefi.whitelist -a generate,baseline.json,firmware_vendor.rom

# Compare current firmware against whitelist
python chipsec_main.py -m tools.uefi.whitelist -a check,baseline.json,firmware_dump.rom

# Scan firmware with UEFI-specific YARA rules
yara -r uefi_bootkits.yar firmware_dump.rom

# Scan extracted modules individually
find firmware_dump.rom.dump -name "*.efi" -exec yara -r uefi_bootkits.yar {} \;

# Check for modified CORE_DXE module (targeted by MoonBounce, CosmicStrand)
# Compare GUID and hash against vendor baseline

# Check if Secure Boot is enabled
python chipsec_main.py -m common.secureboot.variables

# Verify SMM (System Management Mode) protections
python chipsec_main.py -m common.smm

# Check SMM BIOS write protection
python chipsec_main.py -m common.bios_smi

# On Windows - check boot configuration for bypass indicators
bcdedit /enum firmware
bcdedit /v

# Check for testsigning/nointegritychecks/debug flags
bcdedit | findstr /i "testsigning nointegritychecks debug"

# Verify HVCI (Hypervisor-enforced Code Integrity) is not disabled
# BlackLotus sets HKLM:\...\DeviceGuard\...\HypervisorEnforcedCodeIntegrity Enabled=0
reg query "HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\DeviceGuard\Scenarios\HypervisorEnforcedCodeIntegrity" /v Enabled

# Check Secure Boot state via PowerShell
# Confirm-SecureBootUEFI returns True if properly enabled

# Verify firmware integrity against vendor hash
sha256sum firmware_dump.rom
# Compare with vendor-published hash

# Verify bootloader signatures
sigcheck -a C:\Windows\Boot\EFI\bootmgfw.efi
sigcheck -a C:\Windows\System32\winload.efi
sigcheck -a C:\Windows\System32\ntoskrnl.exe

# Check for unsigned or invalid boot drivers
sigcheck -u -e C:\Windows\System32\drivers\

# Analyze Measured Boot logs for unexpected EFI_Boot_Services_Application entries
# BlackLotus components appear as EV_EFI_Boot_Services_Application

# Memory forensics for boot-phase artifacts
vol3 -f memory.dmp windows.modules
vol3 -f memory.dmp windows.driverscan

Report should include:
- Firmware version, vendor, and platform identification
- SPI flash protection status (write protect, lock bits, access control)
- Secure Boot configuration and any bypass indicators detected
- UEFI variable anomalies (unauthorized keys, modified db/dbx, MOK enrollment)
- ESP contents inventory with hash verification against known-good baselines
- Firmware module comparison against vendor whitelist (added, modified, removed)
- Known bootkit family attribution with confidence level
- Boot chain integrity verification results for each component
- Remediation steps (reflash, key rotation, hardware replacement)
- MITRE ATT&CK mapping (T1542.001 - System Firmware, T1542.003 - Bootkit)