Azure AI Voicelive Py
aiskillstore/marketplace
Build real-time voice AI applications with bidirectional WebSocket communication.
Azure AI Voice Live SDK for .NET. An agent skill from microsoft/skills.
$ npx skills add microsoft/skills --skill azure-ai-voicelive-dotnet -a claude-codeProject install by default; add -g for ~/.claude/skills/.
$ gh skill install microsoft/skills azure-ai-voicelive-dotnet --agent claude-codeProject scope by default; add --scope user for a personal install. Needs GitHub CLI 2.90.0 or later (public preview).
$ git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/microsoft/skills.git skills-src && mkdir -p .claude/skills && cp -r skills-src/.github/plugins/azure-sdk-dotnet/skills/azure-ai-voicelive-dotnet .claude/skills/azure-ai-voicelive-dotnet && rm -rf skills-srcUse ~/.claude/skills/ instead of .claude/skills for a personal install. The folder must contain SKILL.md.
Claude Code skills documentation · loads skills from .claude/skills/
Install the "azure-ai-voicelive-dotnet" agent skill from https://github.com/microsoft/skills/tree/main/.github/plugins/azure-sdk-dotnet/skills/azure-ai-voicelive-dotnet into .claude/skills/azure-ai-voicelive-dotnet/ in this project. Copy the whole folder (SKILL.md and every file beside it), keep the folder name "azure-ai-voicelive-dotnet", then confirm the skill loads.Claude Code copies the folder itself, the same result as the manual copy. Check what it changed before you commit it.
$skill-installer install https://github.com/microsoft/skills/tree/main/.github/plugins/azure-sdk-dotnet/skills/azure-ai-voicelive-dotnetType this inside Codex. $skill-installer <name> installs a curated skill from openai/skills. The installer writes to $CODEX_HOME/skills (default ~/.codex/skills). Restart Codex if the skill does not show up.
$ npx skills add microsoft/skills --skill azure-ai-voicelive-dotnet -a codexProject install goes to .agents/skills/; add -g for ~/.codex/skills/.
$ gh skill install microsoft/skills azure-ai-voicelive-dotnet --agent codexProject scope by default (.agents/skills/); add --scope user for a personal install.
$ git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/microsoft/skills.git skills-src && mkdir -p .agents/skills && cp -r skills-src/.github/plugins/azure-sdk-dotnet/skills/azure-ai-voicelive-dotnet .agents/skills/azure-ai-voicelive-dotnet && rm -rf skills-srcUse ~/.agents/skills/ instead of .agents/skills for a personal install.
Codex skills documentation · loads skills from .agents/skills/
Install the "azure-ai-voicelive-dotnet" agent skill from https://github.com/microsoft/skills/tree/main/.github/plugins/azure-sdk-dotnet/skills/azure-ai-voicelive-dotnet into .agents/skills/azure-ai-voicelive-dotnet/ in this project. Copy the whole folder (SKILL.md and every file beside it), keep the folder name "azure-ai-voicelive-dotnet", then confirm the skill loads.Codex copies the folder itself, the same result as the manual copy. Check what it changed before you commit it.
$ npx skills add microsoft/skills --skill azure-ai-voicelive-dotnet -a cursorProject install goes to .agents/skills/; add -g for ~/.cursor/skills/.
$ gh skill install microsoft/skills azure-ai-voicelive-dotnet --agent cursorProject scope by default (.agents/skills/); add --scope user for a personal install.
$ git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/microsoft/skills.git skills-src && mkdir -p .cursor/skills && cp -r skills-src/.github/plugins/azure-sdk-dotnet/skills/azure-ai-voicelive-dotnet .cursor/skills/azure-ai-voicelive-dotnet && rm -rf skills-srcUse ~/.cursor/skills/ instead of .cursor/skills for a personal install.
Cursor skills documentation · loads skills from .cursor/skills/, .agents/skills/, .claude/skills/, .codex/skills/
Install the "azure-ai-voicelive-dotnet" agent skill from https://github.com/microsoft/skills/tree/main/.github/plugins/azure-sdk-dotnet/skills/azure-ai-voicelive-dotnet into .cursor/skills/azure-ai-voicelive-dotnet/ in this project. Copy the whole folder (SKILL.md and every file beside it), keep the folder name "azure-ai-voicelive-dotnet", then confirm the skill loads.Cursor copies the folder itself, the same result as the manual copy. Check what it changed before you commit it.
$ gemini skills install https://github.com/microsoft/skills.git --path .github/plugins/azure-sdk-dotnet/skills/azure-ai-voicelive-dotnet--scope user (default) or --scope workspace; --path is the subfolder of the repo that holds the skill; --consent skips the security confirmation prompt.
$ npx skills add microsoft/skills --skill azure-ai-voicelive-dotnet -a gemini-cliProject install goes to .agents/skills/; add -g for ~/.gemini/skills/.
$ gh skill install microsoft/skills azure-ai-voicelive-dotnet --agent gemini-cliProject scope by default (.agents/skills/); add --scope user for a personal install.
$ git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/microsoft/skills.git skills-src && mkdir -p .gemini/skills && cp -r skills-src/.github/plugins/azure-sdk-dotnet/skills/azure-ai-voicelive-dotnet .gemini/skills/azure-ai-voicelive-dotnet && rm -rf skills-srcUse ~/.gemini/skills/ instead of .gemini/skills for a personal install, then run /skills reload.
Gemini CLI skills documentation · loads skills from .gemini/skills/, .agents/skills/
Install the "azure-ai-voicelive-dotnet" agent skill from https://github.com/microsoft/skills/tree/main/.github/plugins/azure-sdk-dotnet/skills/azure-ai-voicelive-dotnet into .gemini/skills/azure-ai-voicelive-dotnet/ in this project. Copy the whole folder (SKILL.md and every file beside it), keep the folder name "azure-ai-voicelive-dotnet", then confirm the skill loads.Gemini CLI copies the folder itself, the same result as the manual copy. Check what it changed before you commit it.
$ gh skill install microsoft/skills azure-ai-voicelive-dotnetInstalls for Copilot at project scope by default; add --scope user for a personal install. Preview a skill first with gh skill preview. Needs GitHub CLI 2.90.0 or later (public preview).
$ npx skills add microsoft/skills --skill azure-ai-voicelive-dotnet -a github-copilotProject install goes to .agents/skills/; add -g for ~/.copilot/skills/.
$ git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/microsoft/skills.git skills-src && mkdir -p .github/skills && cp -r skills-src/.github/plugins/azure-sdk-dotnet/skills/azure-ai-voicelive-dotnet .github/skills/azure-ai-voicelive-dotnet && rm -rf skills-srcUse ~/.copilot/skills/ instead of .github/skills for a personal install. Commit .github/skills so cloud agent and code review can use it.
GitHub Copilot skills documentation · loads skills from .github/skills/, .claude/skills/, .agents/skills/
Install the "azure-ai-voicelive-dotnet" agent skill from https://github.com/microsoft/skills/tree/main/.github/plugins/azure-sdk-dotnet/skills/azure-ai-voicelive-dotnet into .github/skills/azure-ai-voicelive-dotnet/ in this project. Copy the whole folder (SKILL.md and every file beside it), keep the folder name "azure-ai-voicelive-dotnet", then confirm the skill loads.GitHub Copilot copies the folder itself, the same result as the manual copy. Check what it changed before you commit it.
$ npx skills add microsoft/skills --skill azure-ai-voicelive-dotnet -a opencodeOpenCode documents no install command of its own. Project install goes to .agents/skills/; add -g for ~/.config/opencode/skills/.
$ gh skill install microsoft/skills azure-ai-voicelive-dotnet --agent opencodeProject scope by default (.agents/skills/); add --scope user for a personal install.
$ git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/microsoft/skills.git skills-src && mkdir -p .opencode/skills && cp -r skills-src/.github/plugins/azure-sdk-dotnet/skills/azure-ai-voicelive-dotnet .opencode/skills/azure-ai-voicelive-dotnet && rm -rf skills-srcUse ~/.config/opencode/skills/ instead of .opencode/skills for a personal install.
OpenCode skills documentation · loads skills from .opencode/skills/, .claude/skills/, .agents/skills/
Install the "azure-ai-voicelive-dotnet" agent skill from https://github.com/microsoft/skills/tree/main/.github/plugins/azure-sdk-dotnet/skills/azure-ai-voicelive-dotnet into .opencode/skills/azure-ai-voicelive-dotnet/ in this project. Copy the whole folder (SKILL.md and every file beside it), keep the folder name "azure-ai-voicelive-dotnet", then confirm the skill loads.OpenCode copies the folder itself, the same result as the manual copy. Check what it changed before you commit it.
azure-ai-voicelive-dotnetAzure AI Voice Live SDK for .NET. An agent skill from microsoft/skills.
Azure AI Voicelive Dotnet is an agent skill from microsoft/skills, published by the product's own GitHub organization. Azure AI Voice Live SDK for .NET. Build real-time voice AI applications with bidirectional WebSocket communication. Use for voice assistants, conversational AI, real-time speech-to-speech, and voice-enabled chatbots. Triggers: "voice live", "real-time voice", "VoiceLiveClient", "VoiceLiveSession", "voice assistant .NET", "bidirectional audio", "speech-to-speech".
Its SKILL.md is about 2.3k tokens, which your agent loads only when the skill is triggered. It is a single SKILL.md file with no bundled scripts.
It sits in Backend & APIs, covering Chatbots and conversational support, Realtime and WebSockets and Speech recognition and synthesis. It works with .NET, Microsoft Azure, Azure AI Speech and OpenAI. The repository describes itself as: Skills, MCP servers, Custom Agents, Agents.md for SDKs to ground Coding Agents. The licence is MIT.
4 steps, taken from the step headings in SKILL.md.
Read from SKILL.md and the folder at commit d5741a1. It shows what the files ask for, not the result of running them.
Pre-approves nothing: there is no allowed-tools line, so your agent's usual permission prompts apply.
From allowed-tools in the SKILL.md frontmatter.
Shell commands in SKILL.md call:
dotnetFrom the folder's file list and the shell code blocks in SKILL.md.
Hosts in commands or code, which the agent is likely to contact:
learn.microsoft.comAlso links to:
nuget.orggithub.comFrom URLs in SKILL.md, links to its own repository left out.
Names these keys or tokens, usually read from environment variables:
AZURE_TOKEN_CREDENTIALSAZURE_VOICELIVE_API_KEYFrom names ending in _API_KEY, _TOKEN, _SECRET, _KEY or _PASSWORD in SKILL.md.
Azure AI Voicelive Dotnet loads about 2.3k tokens when it runs. Until then it costs about 98 tokens; SKILL.md has 266 words of instructions outside code blocks.
Estimates: characters ÷ 4, the usual rule of thumb; real counts depend on the model's tokenizer. Scripts and assets cost tokens only if the agent reads them.
The automated check found no risky patterns in SKILL.md.
Automated static check — not a guarantee. Review scripts before installing. It scans the text of SKILL.md for risky patterns (piping downloads into a shell, reading credential files, hidden Unicode, destructive commands); files beside SKILL.md are not scanned.
The full file from microsoft/skills at commit d5741a1, republished under its MIT licence (© microsoft). 266 words, ~2,278 tokens.
.claude/skills/azure-ai-voicelive-dotnet/SKILL.md (or your agent's skills folder).Real-time voice AI SDK for building bidirectional voice assistants with Azure AI.
dotnet add package Azure.AI.VoiceLive
dotnet add package Azure.Identity
dotnet add package NAudio # For audio capture/playbackCurrent Versions: Stable v1.0.0, Preview v1.1.0-beta.1
AZURE_VOICELIVE_ENDPOINT=https://<resource>.services.ai.azure.com/ # Required: Voice Live endpoint
AZURE_VOICELIVE_MODEL=gpt-4o-realtime-preview # Required: model deployment name
AZURE_VOICELIVE_VOICE=en-US-AvaNeural # Optional: Voice Live voice name
AZURE_VOICELIVE_API_KEY=<your-api-key> # Only required for AzureKeyCredential auth
AZURE_TOKEN_CREDENTIALS=prod # Required only if DefaultAzureCredential is used in productionusing Azure.Identity;
using Azure.AI.VoiceLive;
Uri endpoint = new Uri("https://your-resource.cognitiveservices.azure.com");
// Local dev: DefaultAzureCredential. Production: set AZURE_TOKEN_CREDENTIALS=prod or AZURE_TOKEN_CREDENTIALS=<specific_credential>
var credential = new DefaultAzureCredential(
DefaultAzureCredential.DefaultEnvironmentVariableName
);
// Or use a specific credential directly in production:
// See https://learn.microsoft.com/dotnet/api/overview/azure/identity-readme?view=azure-dotnet#credential-classes
// var credential = new ManagedIdentityCredential();
VoiceLiveClient client = new VoiceLiveClient(endpoint, credential);Required Role: Cognitive Services User (assign in Azure Portal → Access control)
Uri endpoint = new Uri("https://your-resource.cognitiveservices.azure.com");
AzureKeyCredential credential = new AzureKeyCredential("your-api-key");
VoiceLiveClient client = new VoiceLiveClient(endpoint, credential);VoiceLiveClient
└── VoiceLiveSession (WebSocket connection)
├── ConfigureSessionAsync()
├── GetUpdatesAsync() → SessionUpdate events
├── AddItemAsync() → UserMessageItem, FunctionCallOutputItem
├── SendAudioAsync()
└── StartResponseAsync()using Azure.Identity;
using Azure.AI.VoiceLive;
var endpoint = new Uri(Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("AZURE_VOICELIVE_ENDPOINT"));
var client = new VoiceLiveClient(endpoint, new DefaultAzureCredential());
var model = "gpt-4o-mini-realtime-preview";
// Start session
using VoiceLiveSession session = await client.StartSessionAsync(model);
// Configure session
VoiceLiveSessionOptions sessionOptions = new()
{
Model = model,
Instructions = "You are a helpful AI assistant. Respond naturally.",
Voice = new AzureStandardVoice("en-US-AvaNeural"),
TurnDetection = new AzureSemanticVadTurnDetection()
{
Threshold = 0.5f,
PrefixPadding = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(300),
SilenceDuration = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(500)
},
InputAudioFormat = InputAudioFormat.Pcm16,
OutputAudioFormat = OutputAudioFormat.Pcm16
};
// Set modalities (both text and audio for voice assistants)
sessionOptions.Modalities.Clear();
sessionOptions.Modalities.Add(InteractionModality.Text);
sessionOptions.Modalities.Add(InteractionModality.Audio);
await session.ConfigureSessionAsync(sessionOptions);await foreach (SessionUpdate serverEvent in session.GetUpdatesAsync())
{
switch (serverEvent)
{
case SessionUpdateResponseAudioDelta audioDelta:
byte[] audioData = audioDelta.Delta.ToArray();
// Play audio via NAudio or other audio library
break;
case SessionUpdateResponseTextDelta textDelta:
Console.Write(textDelta.Delta);
break;
case SessionUpdateResponseFunctionCallArgumentsDone functionCall:
// Handle function call (see Function Calling section)
break;
case SessionUpdateError error:
Console.WriteLine($"Error: {error.Error.Message}");
break;
case SessionUpdateResponseDone:
Console.WriteLine("\n--- Response complete ---");
break;
}
}await session.AddItemAsync(new UserMessageItem("Hello, can you help me?"));
await session.StartResponseAsync();// Define function
var weatherFunction = new VoiceLiveFunctionDefinition("get_current_weather")
{
Description = "Get the current weather for a given location",
Parameters = BinaryData.FromString("""
{
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"location": {
"type": "string",
"description": "The city and state or country"
}
},
"required": ["location"]
}
""")
};
// Add to session options
sessionOptions.Tools.Add(weatherFunction);
// Handle function call in event loop
if (serverEvent is SessionUpdateResponseFunctionCallArgumentsDone functionCall)
{
if (functionCall.Name == "get_current_weather")
{
var parameters = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<Dictionary<string, string>>(functionCall.Arguments);
string location = parameters?["location"] ?? "";
// Call external service
string weatherInfo = $"The weather in {location} is sunny, 75°F.";
// Send response
await session.AddItemAsync(new FunctionCallOutputItem(functionCall.CallId, weatherInfo));
await session.StartResponseAsync();
}
}| Voice Type | Class | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Azure Standard | AzureStandardVoice | "en-US-AvaNeural" |
| Azure HD | AzureStandardVoice | "en-US-Ava:DragonHDLatestNeural" |
| Azure Custom | AzureCustomVoice | Custom voice with endpoint ID |
| Model | Description |
|---|---|
gpt-4o-realtime-preview | GPT-4o with real-time audio |
gpt-4o-mini-realtime-preview | Lightweight, fast interactions |
phi4-mm-realtime | Cost-effective multimodal |
| Type | Purpose |
|---|---|
VoiceLiveClient | Main client for creating sessions |
VoiceLiveSession | Active WebSocket session |
VoiceLiveSessionOptions | Session configuration |
AzureStandardVoice | Standard Azure voice provider |
AzureSemanticVadTurnDetection | Voice activity detection |
VoiceLiveFunctionDefinition | Function tool definition |
UserMessageItem | User text message |
FunctionCallOutputItem | Function call response |
SessionUpdateResponseAudioDelta | Audio chunk event |
SessionUpdateResponseTextDelta | Text chunk event |
Text and Audio for voice assistantsAzureSemanticVadTurnDetection — Provides natural conversation flowusing statement — Ensures proper session disposalif (serverEvent is SessionUpdateError error)
{
if (error.Error.Message.Contains("Cancellation failed: no active response"))
{
// Benign error, can ignore
}
else
{
Console.WriteLine($"Error: {error.Error.Message}");
}
}InputAudioFormat.Pcm16 (16-bit PCM)OutputAudioFormat.Pcm16| SDK | Purpose | Install |
|---|---|---|
Azure.AI.VoiceLive | Real-time voice (this SDK) | dotnet add package Azure.AI.VoiceLive |
Microsoft.CognitiveServices.Speech | Speech-to-text, text-to-speech | dotnet add package Microsoft.CognitiveServices.Speech |
NAudio | Audio capture/playback | dotnet add package NAudio |
© microsoft, MIT. Rendered from Markdown: HTML in the file is shown as text, images as links, and headings moved down two levels. Raw file
Just SKILL.md in .github/plugins/azure-sdk-dotnet/skills/azure-ai-voicelive-dotnet of microsoft/skills.
Open the folder on GitHubat commit d5741a1
We found 14 copies of this SKILL.md (exact, near-identical or edited) in other folders, from 5 other GitHub owners. This page covers the copy in microsoft/skills, which our catalogue first saw on October 7, 2026.
Azure AI Voicelive Dotnet next to the 5 skills that share the most tags, products or categories with it. Stars are the repository's; “used in” counts other GitHub owners with a copy.
| Skill | Stars | Used in | Tokens | Auto-check | Licence | Repo updated |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Azure AI Voicelive Dotnet this skillmicrosoft/skills | 3.1k | 5 repos | ~2.3k | Automated safety check: Pass | MIT | |
| Azure AI Voicelive Pyaiskillstore/marketplace | 433 | 4 repos | ~2.3k | Automated safety check: Pass | None | |
| Teams App Developermicrosoft/work-iq | 1k | — | ~1.8k | Automated safety check: Notes | Custom licence | |
| Grok Realtime Voice Integrationcursor/plugins | 11k | — | ~1.7k | Automated safety check: Pass | None | |
| Azure AImicrosoft/GitHub-Copilot-for-Azure | 255 | 1 repos | ~852 | Automated safety check: Pass | MIT | |
| Add Model Pricelangfuse/langfuse | 36k | — | ~1.2k | Automated safety check: Pass | Custom licence |
aiskillstore/marketplace
Build real-time voice AI applications with bidirectional WebSocket communication.
microsoft/work-iq
Build, test, and deploy code-based Teams apps using the M365 Agents Toolkit CLI.
cursor/plugins
Wires Grok speech-to-speech into an app's own microphone and audio playback over a realtime WebSocket, replacing an STT-LLM-TTS cascade or OpenAI Realtime.
microsoft/GitHub-Copilot-for-Azure
A skill your agent uses for Azure AI: Search, Speech, OpenAI, Document Intelligence.
langfuse/langfuse
A skill your agent uses when editing worker/src/constants/default-model-prices.json, packages/shared/src/server/llm/types.ts, pricing tiers, tokenizer IDs, or matchPattern regexes for OpenAI…
FoundatioFx/Foundatio
A skill your agent uses when working with Foundatio infrastructure abstractions for .NET -- caching, queuing, messaging, file storage, distributed locking, or background jobs.
microsoft/skills
Covers producer, consumer, and checkpoint-store setup for Azure Event Hubs streaming in Python, with Entra ID auth and partition targeting.
microsoft/skills
Builds podcast-style audio narration from text with Azure OpenAI's GPT Realtime Mini over WebSocket, from a Python FastAPI backend to a React player.
microsoft/skills
Build dark-themed React applications using Tailwind CSS with custom theming, glassmorphism effects, and Framer Motion animations.
microsoft/skills
Create Pydantic models following the multi-model pattern with Base, Create, Update, Response, and InDB variants.
microsoft/skills
Reference for building on Microsoft Foundry with the azure-ai-projects Python SDK: project clients, versioned agents, evaluations, connections, datasets and indexes.
microsoft/skills
Guide for creating effective skills for AI coding agents working with Azure SDKs and Microsoft Foundry services.
Works with
Azure AI Voice Live SDK for .NET. An agent skill from microsoft/skills. Azure AI Voicelive Dotnet is an agent skill from microsoft/skills, published by the product's own GitHub organization.NET.
Azure AI Voicelive Dotnet fits situations like: voice assistants; conversational AI; real-time speech-to-speech; voice-enabled chatbots.
Run `npx skills add microsoft/skills --skill azure-ai-voicelive-dotnet -a claude-code`. Or copy the skill folder (.github/plugins/azure-sdk-dotnet/skills/azure-ai-voicelive-dotnet in microsoft/skills) into .claude/skills/azure-ai-voicelive-dotnet in your project. Claude Code loads it when a task matches its description.
Run `npx skills add microsoft/skills --skill azure-ai-voicelive-dotnet -a codex`. Or copy the skill folder (.github/plugins/azure-sdk-dotnet/skills/azure-ai-voicelive-dotnet in microsoft/skills) into .agents/skills/azure-ai-voicelive-dotnet in your project. Codex loads it when a task matches its description.
Cursor, Gemini CLI, GitHub Copilot and OpenCode also load SKILL.md folders. With the skills CLI, run `npx skills add microsoft/skills --skill azure-ai-voicelive-dotnet -a cursor` (or -a gemini-cli, github-copilot or opencode for the others). To copy it by hand, put the folder in .cursor/skills/azure-ai-voicelive-dotnet, .gemini/skills/azure-ai-voicelive-dotnet, .github/skills/azure-ai-voicelive-dotnet and .opencode/skills/azure-ai-voicelive-dotnet in your project.
Going by SKILL.md and its folder, Azure AI Voicelive Dotnet needs the command-line tools its instructions call (dotnet) and credentials named AZURE_TOKEN_CREDENTIALS and AZURE_VOICELIVE_API_KEY. Our summary lists: A credential in AZURE_VOICELIVE_API_KEY.
SKILL.md names 3 domains. In commands or code: learn.microsoft.com; the agent is likely to contact it when it follows the instructions. As links in the text: nuget.org and github.com. This is read from the text; nothing was executed.
Our automated static check of SKILL.md found no risky patterns, such as piping downloads into a shell, reading credential files or hidden Unicode. It is not a guarantee. Review the folder before installing.
Azure AI Voicelive Dotnet is published under the MIT licence (declared in SKILL.md). It allows redistribution, so the full SKILL.md is shown on this page.
About 2.3k tokens (SKILL.md is roughly 9.1k characters). Agents keep only the skill's name and description in context until a task matches; then they load SKILL.md in full.
Skills that share tags, products or a category with Azure AI Voicelive Dotnet: Azure AI Voicelive Py (aiskillstore/marketplace, 433 stars), Teams App Developer (microsoft/work-iq, 1k stars), Grok Realtime Voice Integration (cursor/plugins, 11k stars) and Azure AI (microsoft/GitHub-Copilot-for-Azure, 255 stars). The comparison table on this page puts their stars, adoption, token cost, safety result and licence side by side.
microsoft (a GitHub organization, an official publisher) maintains it in microsoft/skills, which has 3,097 GitHub stars. The repository holds 150 skills in this directory. The repository was last updated on October 9, 2026.
Source: microsoft/skills on GitHub. Facts on this page come from the repository at the commit we read; the author's words are quoted as theirs.