Analyze US Treasury securities and interest rate risk: bond pricing, yield curve construction, duration, convexity, TIPS, and forward/spot rate analysis.
$ npx skills add JoelLewis/finance_skills --skill fixed-income-sovereign -a claude-codeProject install by default; add -g for ~/.claude/skills/.
$ gh skill install JoelLewis/finance_skills fixed-income-sovereign --agent claude-codeProject scope by default; add --scope user for a personal install. Needs GitHub CLI 2.90.0 or later (public preview).
$ git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/JoelLewis/finance_skills.git skills-src && mkdir -p .claude/skills && cp -r skills-src/plugins/wealth-management/skills/fixed-income-sovereign .claude/skills/fixed-income-sovereign && rm -rf skills-srcUse ~/.claude/skills/ instead of .claude/skills for a personal install. The folder must contain SKILL.md.
Claude Code skills documentation · loads skills from .claude/skills/
Install the "fixed-income-sovereign" agent skill from https://github.com/JoelLewis/finance_skills/tree/main/plugins/wealth-management/skills/fixed-income-sovereign into .claude/skills/fixed-income-sovereign/ in this project. Copy the whole folder (SKILL.md and every file beside it), keep the folder name "fixed-income-sovereign", then confirm the skill loads.Claude Code copies the folder itself, the same result as the manual copy. Check what it changed before you commit it.
$skill-installer install https://github.com/JoelLewis/finance_skills/tree/main/plugins/wealth-management/skills/fixed-income-sovereignType this inside Codex. $skill-installer <name> installs a curated skill from openai/skills. The installer writes to $CODEX_HOME/skills (default ~/.codex/skills). Restart Codex if the skill does not show up.
$ npx skills add JoelLewis/finance_skills --skill fixed-income-sovereign -a codexProject install goes to .agents/skills/; add -g for ~/.codex/skills/.
$ gh skill install JoelLewis/finance_skills fixed-income-sovereign --agent codexProject scope by default (.agents/skills/); add --scope user for a personal install.
$ git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/JoelLewis/finance_skills.git skills-src && mkdir -p .agents/skills && cp -r skills-src/plugins/wealth-management/skills/fixed-income-sovereign .agents/skills/fixed-income-sovereign && rm -rf skills-srcUse ~/.agents/skills/ instead of .agents/skills for a personal install.
Codex skills documentation · loads skills from .agents/skills/
Install the "fixed-income-sovereign" agent skill from https://github.com/JoelLewis/finance_skills/tree/main/plugins/wealth-management/skills/fixed-income-sovereign into .agents/skills/fixed-income-sovereign/ in this project. Copy the whole folder (SKILL.md and every file beside it), keep the folder name "fixed-income-sovereign", then confirm the skill loads.Codex copies the folder itself, the same result as the manual copy. Check what it changed before you commit it.
$ npx skills add JoelLewis/finance_skills --skill fixed-income-sovereign -a cursorProject install goes to .agents/skills/; add -g for ~/.cursor/skills/.
$ gh skill install JoelLewis/finance_skills fixed-income-sovereign --agent cursorProject scope by default (.agents/skills/); add --scope user for a personal install.
$ git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/JoelLewis/finance_skills.git skills-src && mkdir -p .cursor/skills && cp -r skills-src/plugins/wealth-management/skills/fixed-income-sovereign .cursor/skills/fixed-income-sovereign && rm -rf skills-srcUse ~/.cursor/skills/ instead of .cursor/skills for a personal install.
Cursor skills documentation · loads skills from .cursor/skills/, .agents/skills/, .claude/skills/, .codex/skills/
Install the "fixed-income-sovereign" agent skill from https://github.com/JoelLewis/finance_skills/tree/main/plugins/wealth-management/skills/fixed-income-sovereign into .cursor/skills/fixed-income-sovereign/ in this project. Copy the whole folder (SKILL.md and every file beside it), keep the folder name "fixed-income-sovereign", then confirm the skill loads.Cursor copies the folder itself, the same result as the manual copy. Check what it changed before you commit it.
$ gemini skills install https://github.com/JoelLewis/finance_skills.git --path plugins/wealth-management/skills/fixed-income-sovereign--scope user (default) or --scope workspace; --path is the subfolder of the repo that holds the skill; --consent skips the security confirmation prompt.
$ npx skills add JoelLewis/finance_skills --skill fixed-income-sovereign -a gemini-cliProject install goes to .agents/skills/; add -g for ~/.gemini/skills/.
$ gh skill install JoelLewis/finance_skills fixed-income-sovereign --agent gemini-cliProject scope by default (.agents/skills/); add --scope user for a personal install.
$ git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/JoelLewis/finance_skills.git skills-src && mkdir -p .gemini/skills && cp -r skills-src/plugins/wealth-management/skills/fixed-income-sovereign .gemini/skills/fixed-income-sovereign && rm -rf skills-srcUse ~/.gemini/skills/ instead of .gemini/skills for a personal install, then run /skills reload.
Gemini CLI skills documentation · loads skills from .gemini/skills/, .agents/skills/
Install the "fixed-income-sovereign" agent skill from https://github.com/JoelLewis/finance_skills/tree/main/plugins/wealth-management/skills/fixed-income-sovereign into .gemini/skills/fixed-income-sovereign/ in this project. Copy the whole folder (SKILL.md and every file beside it), keep the folder name "fixed-income-sovereign", then confirm the skill loads.Gemini CLI copies the folder itself, the same result as the manual copy. Check what it changed before you commit it.
$ gh skill install JoelLewis/finance_skills fixed-income-sovereignInstalls for Copilot at project scope by default; add --scope user for a personal install. Preview a skill first with gh skill preview. Needs GitHub CLI 2.90.0 or later (public preview).
$ npx skills add JoelLewis/finance_skills --skill fixed-income-sovereign -a github-copilotProject install goes to .agents/skills/; add -g for ~/.copilot/skills/.
$ git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/JoelLewis/finance_skills.git skills-src && mkdir -p .github/skills && cp -r skills-src/plugins/wealth-management/skills/fixed-income-sovereign .github/skills/fixed-income-sovereign && rm -rf skills-srcUse ~/.copilot/skills/ instead of .github/skills for a personal install. Commit .github/skills so cloud agent and code review can use it.
GitHub Copilot skills documentation · loads skills from .github/skills/, .claude/skills/, .agents/skills/
Install the "fixed-income-sovereign" agent skill from https://github.com/JoelLewis/finance_skills/tree/main/plugins/wealth-management/skills/fixed-income-sovereign into .github/skills/fixed-income-sovereign/ in this project. Copy the whole folder (SKILL.md and every file beside it), keep the folder name "fixed-income-sovereign", then confirm the skill loads.GitHub Copilot copies the folder itself, the same result as the manual copy. Check what it changed before you commit it.
$ npx skills add JoelLewis/finance_skills --skill fixed-income-sovereign -a opencodeOpenCode documents no install command of its own. Project install goes to .agents/skills/; add -g for ~/.config/opencode/skills/.
$ gh skill install JoelLewis/finance_skills fixed-income-sovereign --agent opencodeProject scope by default (.agents/skills/); add --scope user for a personal install.
$ git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/JoelLewis/finance_skills.git skills-src && mkdir -p .opencode/skills && cp -r skills-src/plugins/wealth-management/skills/fixed-income-sovereign .opencode/skills/fixed-income-sovereign && rm -rf skills-srcUse ~/.config/opencode/skills/ instead of .opencode/skills for a personal install.
OpenCode skills documentation · loads skills from .opencode/skills/, .claude/skills/, .agents/skills/
Install the "fixed-income-sovereign" agent skill from https://github.com/JoelLewis/finance_skills/tree/main/plugins/wealth-management/skills/fixed-income-sovereign into .opencode/skills/fixed-income-sovereign/ in this project. Copy the whole folder (SKILL.md and every file beside it), keep the folder name "fixed-income-sovereign", then confirm the skill loads.OpenCode copies the folder itself, the same result as the manual copy. Check what it changed before you commit it.
fixed-income-sovereignAnalyze US Treasury securities and interest rate risk: bond pricing, yield curve construction, duration, convexity, TIPS, and forward/spot rate analysis.
Fixed Income Sovereign is an agent skill from JoelLewis/finance_skills. Analyze US Treasury securities and interest rate risk: bond pricing, yield curve construction, duration, convexity, TIPS, and forward/spot rate analysis. Use when the user asks about Treasury bonds, yield curve construction, interest rate risk, duration, convexity, TIPS, or breakeven inflation rates. Also trigger when users mention 'T-bills', 'T-notes', 'bond pricing', 'yield to maturity', 'inverted yield curve', 'forward rates', 'spot rates', 'DV01', 'real yields', or ask how bonds react to interest rate changes.
Its SKILL.md is about 1.8k tokens, which your agent loads only when the skill is triggered. The skill folder holds 2 other files, including scripts (for example `scripts/fixed_income_sovereign.py`).
It sits in Business, Finance & HR. It works with React. The repository describes itself as: Claude Code skill plugins for financial services — 81 skills across 7 domain plugins covering investment management, compliance, advisory practice, trading, and operations. The licence is MIT.
Read from SKILL.md and the folder at commit 5c498ea. It shows what the files ask for, not the result of running them.
Pre-approves nothing: there is no allowed-tools line, so your agent's usual permission prompts apply.
From allowed-tools in the SKILL.md frontmatter.
Ships 1 file in scripts/ (Python), which the agent can run.
Shell commands in SKILL.md call:
uvpython3pythonFrom the folder's file list and the shell code blocks in SKILL.md.
No URLs in SKILL.md. Its commands use uv, which can reach the network depending on how they are called.
From URLs in SKILL.md, links to its own repository left out.
Names no API keys, tokens, secrets or passwords.
From names ending in _API_KEY, _TOKEN, _SECRET, _KEY or _PASSWORD in SKILL.md.
Fixed Income Sovereign loads about 1.8k tokens when it runs. Until then it costs about 136 tokens; SKILL.md has 900 words of instructions outside code blocks.
Estimates: characters ÷ 4, the usual rule of thumb; real counts depend on the model's tokenizer. Scripts and assets cost tokens only if the agent reads them.
The automated check found no risky patterns in SKILL.md.
Automated static check — not a guarantee. Review scripts before installing. It scans the text of SKILL.md for risky patterns (piping downloads into a shell, reading credential files, hidden Unicode, destructive commands); the scripts in this folder are not scanned.
The full file from JoelLewis/finance_skills at commit 5c498ea, republished under its MIT licence (© JoelLewis). 900 words, ~1,840 tokens.
.claude/skills/fixed-income-sovereign/SKILL.md (or your agent's skills folder). This skill also uses 1 other file; get the full folder from GitHub.Scope: US Treasuries and rates analytics. Sovereign credit risk — emerging market debt, default analysis, country risk spreads — is out of scope for this skill.
The price of a bond is the present value of its future cash flows:
P = sum(t=1 to n) [C / (1+y)^t] + F / (1+y)^n
where C = coupon payment per period, y = yield to maturity per period, F = face value, n = total number of periods. For semi-annual bonds, divide the annual coupon by 2 and the annual yield by 2, and double the number of years to get n.
The discount rate y that solves the bond pricing equation — the single rate that equates the bond's market price to the present value of all future cash flows. Assumes reinvestment of coupons at the YTM rate. It is the standard yield measure for bonds.
Current Yield = Annual Coupon / Price. A simple income measure that ignores capital gains/losses and the time value of money.
The spot curve gives zero-coupon yields for each maturity. The par curve gives coupon rates at which bonds would price at par. Forward rates are implied future rates derived from spot rates. The three curves contain equivalent information and can be derived from one another.
Extract spot (zero-coupon) rates from par yields by starting at the shortest maturity and working outward. Each step uses previously derived spot rates to solve for the next spot rate.
The implied rate between two future dates derived from spot rates:
f(t1,t2) = [(1+s_t2)^t2 / (1+s_t1)^t1]^(1/(t2-t1)) - 1
where s_t1 and s_t2 are spot rates for maturities t1 and t2.
The weighted average time to receive cash flows, where weights are the present value of each cash flow as a proportion of the bond's price:
D_mac = (1/P) × sum(t × CF_t / (1+y)^t)
Measured in years. Longer maturity, lower coupon, and lower yield all increase duration.
D_mod = D_mac / (1 + y/m)
where m = number of coupon periods per year. Gives the approximate percentage price change for a 1 percentage point change in yield: dP/P ≈ -D_mod × dy.
The dollar change in price for a 1 basis point change in yield:
DV01 ≈ -D_mod × P × 0.0001
Used for hedging — match DV01 exposures to immunize a portfolio against parallel rate shifts.
Measures the curvature of the price-yield relationship (second derivative):
C = (1/P) × sum(t(t+1) × CF_t / (1+y)^(t+2))
For option-free bonds, convexity is always positive — duration alone overstates losses and understates gains.
ΔP/P ≈ -D_mod × Δy + 0.5 × Convexity × (Δy)²
The convexity term is a correction that becomes important for large yield changes.
Principal adjusts with CPI. The coupon rate is fixed but applied to the inflation-adjusted principal. Real yield = TIPS yield. Breakeven inflation = nominal Treasury yield - TIPS real yield. TIPS have a deflation floor that protects par value at maturity.
Sensitivity to specific points on the yield curve (e.g., 2yr, 5yr, 10yr, 30yr). Allows analysis of non-parallel yield curve shifts such as steepening, flattening, or butterfly moves. Sum of key rate durations equals effective duration.
| Formula | Expression | Use Case |
|---|---|---|
| Bond Price | P = sum C/(1+y)^t + F/(1+y)^n | Price from yield |
| Current Yield | Annual Coupon / Price | Simple income measure |
| Forward Rate | f(t1,t2) = [(1+s_t2)^t2 / (1+s_t1)^t1]^(1/(t2-t1)) - 1 | Implied future rate |
| Macaulay Duration | (1/P) × sum(t × CF_t / (1+y)^t) | Weighted avg time to cash flows |
| Modified Duration | D_mac / (1 + y/m) | % price sensitivity to yield |
| DV01 | D_mod × P × 0.0001 | Dollar price change per 1bp |
| Convexity | (1/P) × sum(t(t+1) × CF_t / (1+y)^(t+2)) | Curvature of price-yield curve |
| Price Change | ΔP/P ≈ -D_mod×Δy + 0.5×Convexity×(Δy)² | Estimate price impact of rate move |
Given: Face = $1,000, coupon = 4% (semi-annual), YTM = 5%, maturity = 5 years Calculate: Bond price Solution: Semi-annual coupon = $1,000 × 4% / 2 = $20 Semi-annual yield = 5% / 2 = 2.5% Number of periods = 5 × 2 = 10 P = $20 × [(1 - (1.025)^(-10)) / 0.025] + $1,000 / (1.025)^10 P = $20 × 8.7521 + $1,000 × 0.7812 P = $175.04 + $781.20 = $956.24
The bond trades at a discount ($956.24 < $1,000) because the coupon rate (4%) is below the market yield (5%).
Given: A bond with Macaulay duration = 4.5 years, YTM = 5% (semi-annual), price = $956.24, convexity = 22.5 Calculate: Estimated price change for a +50bp rate increase Solution: D_mod = 4.5 / (1 + 0.05/2) = 4.5 / 1.025 = 4.39 years ΔP/P ≈ -4.39 × 0.005 + 0.5 × 22.5 × (0.005)² ΔP/P ≈ -0.02195 + 0.000281 = -0.02167 = -2.167% ΔP ≈ -2.167% × $956.24 = -$20.72 New price ≈ $956.24 - $20.72 = $935.52
Duration alone would estimate -2.195%; the convexity correction reduces the estimated loss by about 3bp.
uv run scripts/fixed_income_sovereign.py # run the demo (uses PEP 723 inline deps)
uv run scripts/fixed_income_sovereign.py --verify # check demo outputs against the worked examples (exit 1 on mismatch)
python3 scripts/fixed_income_sovereign.py # alternative (requires: pip install numpy scipy)The demo prints the calculations covered above; its values match the worked examples in this skill. Run --help for a list of the classes and functions. For programmatic use, import the module rather than running it — the demo only executes under python fixed_income_sovereign.py.
© JoelLewis, MIT. Rendered from Markdown: HTML in the file is shown as text, images as links, and headings moved down two levels. Raw file
SKILL.md and 1 other file (scripts) in plugins/wealth-management/skills/fixed-income-sovereign of JoelLewis/finance_skills.
Open the folder on GitHubat commit 5c498ea
Fixed Income Sovereign next to the 5 skills that share the most tags, products or categories with it. Stars are the repository's; “used in” counts other GitHub owners with a copy.
| Skill | Stars | Used in | Tokens | Auto-check | Licence | Repo updated |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fixed Income Sovereign this skillJoelLewis/finance_skills | 206 | — | ~1.8k | Automated safety check: Pass | MIT | |
| Build Resume Portfolio Sitetao943/build-resume-portfolio-site | 195 | — | ~5.8k | Automated safety check: Pass | None | |
| Flyai X402alextitonis/fly.ai | 141 | — | ~1.6k | Automated safety check: Pass | MIT | |
| Discord Readerhimself65/finance-skills | 3.4k | — | ~1.8k | Automated safety check: Pass | MIT | |
| Widget Creatormitchdenny/hex1b | 179 | — | ~7.6k | Automated safety check: Pass | MIT | |
| Databricks App Designdatabricks/databricks-agent-skills | 345 | — | ~1.8k | Automated safety check: Pass | Custom licence |
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Works with
Categories
Analyze US Treasury securities and interest rate risk: bond pricing, yield curve construction, duration, convexity, TIPS, and forward/spot rate analysis. Fixed Income Sovereign is an agent skill from JoelLewis/finance_skills. Analyze US Treasury securities and interest rate risk: bond pricing, yield curve construction, duration, convexity, TIPS, and forward/spot rate analysis.
Fixed Income Sovereign fits situations like: the user asks about Treasury bonds; yield curve construction; interest rate risk; breakeven inflation rates.
Run `npx skills add JoelLewis/finance_skills --skill fixed-income-sovereign -a claude-code`. Or copy the skill folder (plugins/wealth-management/skills/fixed-income-sovereign in JoelLewis/finance_skills) into .claude/skills/fixed-income-sovereign in your project. Claude Code loads it when a task matches its description.
Run `npx skills add JoelLewis/finance_skills --skill fixed-income-sovereign -a codex`. Or copy the skill folder (plugins/wealth-management/skills/fixed-income-sovereign in JoelLewis/finance_skills) into .agents/skills/fixed-income-sovereign in your project. Codex loads it when a task matches its description.
Cursor, Gemini CLI, GitHub Copilot and OpenCode also load SKILL.md folders. With the skills CLI, run `npx skills add JoelLewis/finance_skills --skill fixed-income-sovereign -a cursor` (or -a gemini-cli, github-copilot or opencode for the others). To copy it by hand, put the folder in .cursor/skills/fixed-income-sovereign, .gemini/skills/fixed-income-sovereign, .github/skills/fixed-income-sovereign and .opencode/skills/fixed-income-sovereign in your project.
Going by SKILL.md and its folder, Fixed Income Sovereign needs Python for the scripts in its folder and the command-line tools its instructions call (uv, python3 and python). Our summary lists: Python 3.
SKILL.md contains no URLs. Its commands use uv, which can reach the network depending on how they are called. This is read from the text; nothing was executed.
Our automated static check of SKILL.md found no risky patterns, such as piping downloads into a shell, reading credential files or hidden Unicode. It is not a guarantee. The check reads SKILL.md only: the scripts in the folder are not scanned, so read them before running anything.
Fixed Income Sovereign is published under the MIT licence (the repository's licence). It allows redistribution, so the full SKILL.md is shown on this page.
About 1.8k tokens (SKILL.md is roughly 7.4k characters). Agents keep only the skill's name and description in context until a task matches; then they load SKILL.md in full.
Skills that share tags, products or a category with Fixed Income Sovereign: Build Resume Portfolio Site (tao943/build-resume-portfolio-site, 195 stars), Flyai X402 (alextitonis/fly.ai, 141 stars), Discord Reader (himself65/finance-skills, 3.4k stars) and Widget Creator (mitchdenny/hex1b, 179 stars). The comparison table on this page puts their stars, adoption, token cost, safety result and licence side by side.
JoelLewis (a GitHub user) maintains it in JoelLewis/finance_skills, which has 206 GitHub stars. The repository holds 91 skills in this directory. The repository was last updated on July 18, 2026.
Source: JoelLewis/finance_skills on GitHub. Facts on this page come from the repository at the commit we read; the author's words are quoted as theirs.
