Apply Theory of Constraints (TOC) to identify and manage system bottlenecks.

MITAuto-check passedBusiness, Finance & HR

Install Biz Toc

skills CLI
$ npx skills add asgard-ai-platform/skills --skill biz-toc -a claude-code

Project install by default; add -g for ~/.claude/skills/.

GitHub CLI
$ gh skill install asgard-ai-platform/skills biz-toc --agent claude-code

Project scope by default; add --scope user for a personal install. Needs GitHub CLI 2.90.0 or later (public preview).

Manual copy
$ git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/asgard-ai-platform/skills.git skills-src && mkdir -p .claude/skills && cp -r skills-src/biz-toc .claude/skills/biz-toc && rm -rf skills-src

Use ~/.claude/skills/ instead of .claude/skills for a personal install. The folder must contain SKILL.md.

Claude Code skills documentation · loads skills from .claude/skills/

Facts

Skill name
biz-toc
GitHub stars
242
Token cost
~1.2k tokens
SKILL.md length
437 words
Files
3 (incl. references)
Skills in repo
207
Repo updated
First seen
Licence
MIT

At a glance

Apply Theory of Constraints (TOC) to identify and manage system bottlenecks.

  • Works in 5 steps: IDENTIFY the constraint — Find the… → EXPLOIT the constraint — Maximize… → SUBORDINATE everything else — Pace all… → …
  • The user needs to find what limits throughput
  • SKILL.md covers Overview, Framework, Output Format and Examples, plus 2 more sections
  • Instructions only: no scripts, shell commands, URLs or credentials in SKILL.md

What it does

Biz Toc is an agent skill from asgard-ai-platform/skills. Apply Theory of Constraints (TOC) to identify and manage system bottlenecks. Use this skill when the user needs to find what limits throughput, optimize a constrained process, apply the Five Focusing Steps, or implement Drum-Buffer-Rope scheduling — even if they say 'our output is stuck', 'what's the bottleneck', or 'why can't we produce more'.

Its SKILL.md is about 1.2k tokens, which your agent loads only when the skill is triggered. The skill folder holds 4 other files, including reference files (for example `examples/sample_scenario.md` and `references/dbr-scheduling.md`).

It sits in Business, Finance & HR. The repository describes itself as: 301 open-source coding agent skills across 22 domains — methodology, judgment & gotchas packaged as Claude Agent Skills for the Asgard AI Platform. The licence is MIT.

When your agent uses it

  • The user needs to find what limits throughput
  • Optimize a constrained process
  • Apply the Five Focusing Steps
  • Implement Drum-Buffer-Rope scheduling — even if they say our output is stuck

Example prompts

  • “our output is stuck”
  • “s the bottleneck”
  • “why can”
  • “/biz-toc”

Workflow steps

5 steps, taken from the first numbered list in SKILL.md.

  1. IDENTIFY the constraint — Find the bottleneck (highest utilization, longest queue, most WIP accumulation)
  2. EXPLOIT the constraint — Maximize throughput at the bottleneck without adding resources (reduce downtime, eliminate waste at this step…
  3. SUBORDINATE everything else — Pace all other processes to the bottleneck's rhythm. Non-bottlenecks should NOT run at full capacity.
  4. ELEVATE the constraint — If exploitation isn't enough, invest to increase bottleneck capacity (add equipment, hire, outsource)
  5. REPEAT — After elevating, the constraint may shift to another process. Go back to Step 1.

What it can do on your machine

Read from SKILL.md and the folder at commit 4e7f4f8. It shows what the files ask for, not the result of running them.

  • Tool permissions

    Pre-approves nothing: there is no allowed-tools line, so your agent's usual permission prompts apply.

    From allowed-tools in the SKILL.md frontmatter.

  • Runs code

    No scripts in the folder and no shell commands in SKILL.md (its code samples are markdown).

    From the folder's file list and the shell code blocks in SKILL.md.

  • Network

    No URLs in SKILL.md.

    From URLs in SKILL.md, links to its own repository left out.

  • Credentials

    Names no API keys, tokens, secrets or passwords.

    From names ending in _API_KEY, _TOKEN, _SECRET, _KEY or _PASSWORD in SKILL.md.

Context cost

Biz Toc loads about 1.2k tokens when it runs, and up to ~3.7k if it reads all its reference files. Until then it costs about 89 tokens; SKILL.md has 437 words of instructions outside code blocks.

Always · name and description, kept in context so the agent knows when to use it
~89
When it runs · the whole SKILL.md, loaded when a task matches
~1.2k
With references · SKILL.md plus every file in references/, read only if the agent opens them
~3.7k

Estimates: characters ÷ 4, the usual rule of thumb; real counts depend on the model's tokenizer. Scripts and assets cost tokens only if the agent reads them.

Safety

Auto-check passed

The automated check found no risky patterns in SKILL.md.

Automated static check — not a guarantee. Review scripts before installing. It scans the text of SKILL.md for risky patterns (piping downloads into a shell, reading credential files, hidden Unicode, destructive commands); files beside SKILL.md are not scanned.

SKILL.md

The full file from asgard-ai-platform/skills at commit 4e7f4f8, republished under its MIT licence (© asgard-ai-platform). 437 words, ~1,236 tokens.

Download SKILL.mdSave it as .claude/skills/biz-toc/SKILL.md (or your agent's skills folder). This skill also uses 2 other files; get the full folder from GitHub.
name
biz-toc
description
Apply Theory of Constraints (TOC) to identify and manage system bottlenecks. Use this skill when the user needs to find what limits throughput, optimize a constrained process, apply the Five Focusing Steps, or implement Drum-Buffer-Rope scheduling — even if they say 'our output is stuck', 'what's the bottleneck', or 'why can't we produce more'.
metadata.category
WP-16 商學院—營運
metadata.tags
operations, toc, bottleneck, throughput

Theory of Constraints (TOC)

Overview

TOC asserts that every system has at least one constraint (bottleneck) that limits total throughput. Improving non-bottleneck processes does NOT improve system output �� only improving the bottleneck does. The Five Focusing Steps provide a systematic method to find and manage constraints.

Framework

IRON LAW: The System Is Only as Strong as Its Weakest Link

Improving a non-bottleneck process is a WASTE of resources — it produces
more work-in-progress that piles up at the bottleneck. Before optimizing
any process, verify it IS the bottleneck. If it's not, stop.
The Five Focusing Steps
  1. IDENTIFY the constraint — Find the bottleneck (highest utilization, longest queue, most WIP accumulation)
  2. EXPLOIT the constraint — Maximize throughput at the bottleneck without adding resources (reduce downtime, eliminate waste at this step, ensure it never starves for input)
  3. SUBORDINATE everything else — Pace all other processes to the bottleneck's rhythm. Non-bottlenecks should NOT run at full capacity.
  4. ELEVATE the constraint — If exploitation isn't enough, invest to increase bottleneck capacity (add equipment, hire, outsource)
  5. REPEAT — After elevating, the constraint may shift to another process. Go back to Step 1.
Drum-Buffer-Rope (DBR) Scheduling
ElementWhat It IsPurpose
DrumThe bottleneck's paceSets the rhythm for the entire system
BufferTime buffer before the bottleneckEnsures the bottleneck never starves for work
RopeSignal to release work at the startControls WIP by tying input rate to bottleneck pace
Throughput Accounting (TOC Financial Metrics)
MetricDefinition
Throughput (T)Revenue - Truly Variable Costs (materials only)
Investment (I)Money tied up in the system (inventory, equipment)
Operating Expense (OE)All other costs to run the system
Net ProfitT - OE
ROI(T - OE) / I

Output Format

markdown
# TOC Analysis: {System/Process}

## System Map
{Process A} → {Process B} → {**Process C (bottleneck)**} → {Process D} → Output

## Constraint Identification
- Bottleneck: {process step}
- Evidence: {utilization %, queue length, WIP accumulation}
- Current throughput: {units/period}

## Five Focusing Steps
| Step | Action | Expected Impact |
|------|--------|----------------|
| 1. Identify | {bottleneck location} | — |
| 2. Exploit | {optimize without investment} | +X% throughput |
| 3. Subordinate | {pace other processes} | Reduce WIP by X% |
| 4. Elevate | {investment if needed} | +X% throughput |
| 5. Repeat | {new constraint location} | — |

## DBR Implementation
- Drum: {bottleneck pace = X units/hour}
- Buffer: {X hours of WIP before bottleneck}
- Rope: {release new work every X minutes}

Examples

Show full SKILL.md (200 more words)Show less
Correct Application

Scenario: TOC for a PCB assembly line (5 stations)

  • Station throughput: Solder Paste (100/hr) → Pick & Place (80/hr) → Reflow Oven (50/hr) → Inspection (90/hr) → Packaging (120/hr)
  • Bottleneck: Reflow Oven (50/hr) — lowest throughput, highest utilization
  • Exploit: Reduce oven changeover time from 30 min to 10 min → effective capacity +15%
  • Subordinate: Slow Pick & Place to 55/hr (don't overproduce WIP before oven)
  • Elevate: If needed, add second reflow oven → double capacity
Incorrect Application
  • Bought a faster Pick & Place machine (80→120/hr) → System throughput unchanged because Reflow Oven (50/hr) is still the bottleneck. Wasted investment. Violates Iron Law.

Gotchas

  • Constraints can be non-physical: Market demand, policy, or management attention can be the real constraint. If the factory can produce 1000 but only sells 500, the market is the constraint.
  • Moving bottleneck: After elevating one constraint, the bottleneck shifts. Teams often celebrate and forget Step 5 (Repeat).
  • Subordination is counterintuitive: Running non-bottleneck machines at less than full capacity feels wasteful. It's not — overproduction at non-bottlenecks creates WIP that clogs the system.
  • TOC vs Lean: Lean eliminates waste everywhere. TOC focuses only on the constraint. They complement each other: use TOC to find WHERE to focus, Lean to optimize HOW.

References

  • For Drum-Buffer-Rope implementation details, see references/dbr-scheduling.md

© asgard-ai-platform, MIT. Rendered from Markdown: HTML in the file is shown as text, images as links, and headings moved down two levels. Raw file

Files

SKILL.md and 2 other files (references) in biz-toc of asgard-ai-platform/skills.

  • SKILL.md
  • examples/sample_scenario.md
  • references/dbr-scheduling.md

Open the folder on GitHubat commit 4e7f4f8

Compare with similar skills

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Questions about Biz Toc

What does Biz Toc do?

Apply Theory of Constraints (TOC) to identify and manage system bottlenecks. Biz Toc is an agent skill from asgard-ai-platform/skills. Apply Theory of Constraints (TOC) to identify and manage system bottlenecks.

When should I use Biz Toc?

Biz Toc fits situations like: the user needs to find what limits throughput; optimize a constrained process; apply the Five Focusing Steps; implement Drum-Buffer-Rope scheduling — even if they say our output is stuck.

How do I install Biz Toc in Claude Code?

Run `npx skills add asgard-ai-platform/skills --skill biz-toc -a claude-code`. Or copy the skill folder (biz-toc in asgard-ai-platform/skills) into .claude/skills/biz-toc in your project. Claude Code loads it when a task matches its description.

How do I install Biz Toc in Codex?

Run `npx skills add asgard-ai-platform/skills --skill biz-toc -a codex`. Or copy the skill folder (biz-toc in asgard-ai-platform/skills) into .agents/skills/biz-toc in your project. Codex loads it when a task matches its description.

Can I use Biz Toc in Cursor, Gemini CLI or GitHub Copilot?

Cursor, Gemini CLI, GitHub Copilot and OpenCode also load SKILL.md folders. With the skills CLI, run `npx skills add asgard-ai-platform/skills --skill biz-toc -a cursor` (or -a gemini-cli, github-copilot or opencode for the others). To copy it by hand, put the folder in .cursor/skills/biz-toc, .gemini/skills/biz-toc, .github/skills/biz-toc and .opencode/skills/biz-toc in your project.

What does Biz Toc need to run?

SKILL.md names no scripts, command-line tools or credentials: Biz Toc is instructions for the agent only.

Does Biz Toc access the network?

SKILL.md contains no URLs. Any network use would come from the scripts or tools the agent runs. This is read from the text; nothing was executed.

Is Biz Toc safe to install?

Our automated static check of SKILL.md found no risky patterns, such as piping downloads into a shell, reading credential files or hidden Unicode. It is not a guarantee. Review the folder before installing.

What licence does Biz Toc use?

Biz Toc is published under the MIT licence (the repository's licence). It allows redistribution, so the full SKILL.md is shown on this page.

How many tokens does Biz Toc use?

About 1.2k tokens (SKILL.md is roughly 4.9k characters). Agents keep only the skill's name and description in context until a task matches; then they load SKILL.md in full. Its references folder adds about 2.4k tokens, read only when the agent opens those files.

What are the alternatives to Biz Toc?

Skills that share tags, products or a category with Biz Toc: Technical Analyst (tradermonty/claude-trading-skills, 3k stars), Theme Detector (tradermonty/claude-trading-skills, 3k stars), Creating Financial Models (Chen-zexi/open-ptc-agent, 729 stars) and Stock API (zhangxiangliang/stock-api, 2k stars). The comparison table on this page puts their stars, adoption, token cost, safety result and licence side by side.

Who maintains Biz Toc?

asgard-ai-platform (a GitHub organization) maintains it in asgard-ai-platform/skills, which has 242 GitHub stars. The repository holds 207 skills in this directory. The repository was last updated on June 6, 2026.

Source: asgard-ai-platform/skills on GitHub. Facts on this page come from the repository at the commit we read; the author's words are quoted as theirs.